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WyrokETPCz2025-06-26

Analiza orzeczenia

Sekcja wygenerowana przez AI na podstawie treści orzeczenia — nie stanowi cytatu.

Zagadnienie prawne
Czy postępowanie rewizyjne przed Sądem Najwyższym, wszczęte po wcześniejszym stwierdzeniu przez ETPCz naruszenia art. 6 Konwencji, zapewniło skarżącemu prawo do rzetelnego procesu, w szczególności w zakresie ponownej oceny dowodów i możliwości przygotowania obrony?
Ratio decidendi
Trybunał uznał, że postępowanie rewizyjne przed Sądem Najwyższym, mimo częściowego uwzględnienia wniosku skarżącego i wykluczenia niektórych dowodów, nie zapewniło skarżącemu rzetelnego procesu zgodnie z art. 6 Konwencji. Skarżący nie miał odpowiednich warunków do przygotowania obrony w obliczu znaczącej zmiany materiału dowodowego, a Sąd Najwyższy, zamiast przekazać sprawę do ponownego rozpoznania przez sąd niższej instancji, sam dokonał oceny pozostałych dowodów i utrzymał wyrok w mocy, co naruszyło jego prawo do obrony i rzetelnego procesu.
Stan faktyczny
Skarżący, Sergiy Volodymrovych Alakhverdyan, obywatel Ukrainy, odbywa karę dożywotniego pozbawienia wolności za morderstwa popełnione w 2004 roku. Złożył wniosek do Sądu Najwyższego o rewizję swojego wyroku, powołując się na wcześniejszy wyrok ETPCz z 16 kwietnia 2019 r. (skarga nr 12224/09), w którym stwierdzono naruszenie art. 6 § 1 i 3 (c) Konwencji z powodu ograniczeń prawa do obrony. Sąd Najwyższy częściowo uwzględnił wniosek, wykluczając dowody uznane za uzyskane z naruszeniem prawa do obrony, ale utrzymał wyrok w mocy na podstawie pozostałych dowodów.
Rozstrzygnięcie
Stwierdza naruszenie art. 6 Konwencji. Zasądza zadośćuczynienie.

Pełny tekst orzeczenia

issued by the Registrar of the Court   ECHR 158 (2025)   26.06.2025   Judgments and decisions of 26 June 2025   The European Court of Human Rights has today notified in writing nine judgments1 and nine   decisions2:   two Chamber judgments are summarised below;   separate press releases have been issued for two other Chamber judgments in the cases of Seydi and   Others v. France (application no. 35844/17) and S.O. v. Spain (no. 5742/22);   a separate press release has also been issued for a Committee judgment in the case of Benyukh   v. Ukraine (no. 39150/20);   the four other Committee judgments, concerning issues which have already been examined by the   Court, and the nine decisions, can be consulted on Hudoc and do not appear in this press release.   The judgment in French below is indicated with an asterisk (*).   Cimpaka Kapeta v. Belgium (application no. 55000/18)*   The applicant is a Belgian national who was born in 1990 and lives in Belgium.   The case concerns the Belgian authorities’ refusal to issue him with a passport on national-security   and public-safety grounds.   The applicant complains of an interference with his rights under Article 8 (right to respect for private   and family life) of the European Convention on Human Rights and Article 2 of Protocol No. 4 (freedom   of movement) to the European Convention. He also relies on Article 13 (right to an effective remedy).   No violation of Article 2 of Protocol No. 4   No violation of Article 13   Alakhverdyan v. Ukraine (no. 8838/20)   The applicant, Sergiy Volodymrovych Alakhverdyan, is a Ukrainian national who was born in 1984 and   is currently serving a life sentence in Vinnytsya (Ukraine).   The case concerns Mr Alakhverdyan’s application to the Supreme Court for review of his conviction   for the murders of two people and causing minor bodily injuries to a third person in 2004. His request   was made based on the judgment of the European Court on 16 April 2019 (no. 12224/09) that there   had been a violation of Article 6 § 1 and 3 (c) of the Convention due to restrictions on the right to   defence.   Under Articles 43 and 44 of the Convention, Chamber judgments are not final. During the three-month period following a Chamber   judgment’s delivery, any party may request that the case be referred to the Grand Chamber of the Court. If such a request is made, a panel   of five judges considers whether the case deserves further examination. In that event, the Grand Chamber will hear the case and deliver a   final judgment. If the referral request is refused, the Chamber judgment will become final on that day. Under Article 28 of the Convention,   judgments delivered by a Committee are final.   Once a judgment becomes final, it is transmitted to the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe for supervision of its execution.   Further information about the execution process can be found here: www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/execution   Inadmissibility and strike-out decisions are final.   The Supreme Court allowed Mr Alakhverdyan’s application for review in part and excluded pieces of   evidence obtained which it held to be in breach of his right to defence and therefore inadmissible, but   upheld the conviction on the basis of the remaining evidence.   Relying on Article 6 (right to a fair trial), Mr Alakhverdyan submits that the Supreme Court lacked the   power to conduct a re-examination of the evidence, and that a remittal to the trial court for rehearing   was required. Mr Alakhverdyan further submits that such exclusion of evidence constituted a   considerable change in the body of evidence in his case, and he had inadequate time and facilities to   prepare his defence in the framework of the review proceedings.   Violation of Article 6   Just satisfaction:   non-pecuniary damage: 3,600 euros (EUR)   costs and expenses: EUR 5,000   This press release is a document produced by the Registry. It does not bind the Court. Decisions,   judgments and further information about the Court can be found on https://www.echr.coe.int/home.   To receive the Court’s press releases, please subscribe here: www.echr.coe.int/RSS/en or follow us on   X (Twitter) @ECHR_CEDH and Bluesky @echr.coe.int.   Press contacts   [email protected]e.int | tel.: +33 3 90 21 42 08   We are happy to receive journalists’ enquiries via either email or telephone.   Tracey Turner-Tretz (tel.: + 33 3 88 41 35 30)   Denis Lambert (tel.: + 33 3 90 21 41 09)   Inci Ertekin (tel.: + 33 3 90 21 55 30)   Neil Connolly (tel.: + 33 3 90 21 48 05)   Jane Swift (tel.: + 33 3 88 41 29 04)   The European Court of Human Rights was set up in Strasbourg by the Council of Europe member   States in 1959 to deal with alleged violations of the 1950 European Convention on Human Rights.   2

© Rada Europy / Europejski Trybunał Praw Człowieka, źródło: HUDOC (hudoc.echr.coe.int), pozyskano 13.07.2026. · Źródło