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THIRD SECTION CASE OF ANTROPOV AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA (Applications nos. 1434/18 and 29 others – see appended list)             JUDGMENT   STRASBOURG 25 April 2024   This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision. In the case of Antropov and Others v. Russia, The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:  Peeter Roosma, President,  Ioannis Ktistakis,  Andreas Zünd, judges, and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 4 April 2024, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.  The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. 2.  The Russian Government (“the Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3.  The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.  The applicants complained of the disproportionate measures taken against them as organisers or participants of public assemblies. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.  Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. JURISDICTION 6.  The Court observes that the facts giving rise to the alleged violations of the Convention occurred prior to 16 September 2022, the date on which the Russian Federation ceased to be a party to the Convention. The Court therefore decides that it has jurisdiction to examine the present applications (see Fedotova and Others v. Russia [GC], nos. 40792/10 and 2 others, §§ 68‑73, 17 January 2023). ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 11 OF THE CONVENTION 7.  The applicants complained principally of disproportionate measures taken against them as organisers or participants of public assemblies, namely their arrest in relation to the dispersal of these assemblies and their conviction for administrative offences. They relied, expressly or in substance, on Article 11 of the Convention. Some applicants also referred to Article 10 of the Convention. The Court will examine the complaints under Article 11 of the Convention. 8.  The Court refers to the principles established in its case-law regarding freedom of assembly (see Kudrevičius and Others v. Lithuania [GC], no. 37553/05, ECHR 2015, with further references) and proportionality of interference with it (see Oya Ataman v. Turkey, no. 74552/01, ECHR 2006‑XIV, and Hyde Park and Others v. Moldova, no. 33482/06, 31 March 2009). 9.  In the leading cases of Frumkin v. Russia, no. 74568/12, ECHR 2016 (extracts), Navalnyy and Yashin v. Russia, no. 76204/11, 4 December 2014, and Kasparov and Others v. Russia, no. 21613/07, 3 October 2013, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 10.  Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion as to the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the interferences with the applicants’ freedom of assembly were not “necessary in a democratic society”. 11.  These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 11 of the Convention. OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW 12.  Some applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention and its Protocols, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. 13.  Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that these complaints also disclose violations of the Convention and its Protocols in the light of its findings in Butkevich v. Russia, no. 5865/07, §§ 63-65, 13 February 2018, Tsvetkova and Others v. Russia, nos. 54381/08 and 5 others, §§ 115-31, 10 April 2018, and Korneyeva v. Russia, no. 72051/17, §§ 34-36, 8 October 2019, as to various aspects of unlawful deprivation of liberty of organisers or participants of public assemblies; Karelin v. Russia, no. 926/08, §§ 58-85, 20 September 2016, concerning the absence of a prosecuting party in the proceedings under the Code of Administrative Offences; Martynyuk v. Russia, no. 13764/15, §§ 38-42, 8 October 2019, relating to the lack of suspensive effect of an appeal against the sentence of administrative detention. REMAINING COMPLAINTS 14.  Some applicants raised further additional complaints under Article 6 of the Convention concerning other aspects of fairness of the administrative‑offence proceedings. In view of the findings in paragraphs 11 and 13 above, the Court considers that there is no need to deal separately with these remaining complaints. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION 15.  Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case‑law (see in particular Navalnyy and Others v. Russia [Committee], nos. 25809/17 and 14 others, § 22, 4 October 2022), the Court finds it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Holds that it has jurisdiction to deal with the applicants’ complaints as they relate to facts that took place before 16 September 2022; Declares the complaints under Article 11 of the Convention and the other complaints under the well-established case-law of the Court, as set out in the appended table, admissible, and finds that there is no need to examine separately the remaining complaints under Article6 of the Convention; Holds that these complaints disclose a breach of Article 11 of the Convention; Holds that there has been a violation of the Convention and the Protocols thereto as regards the other complaints raised under the well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table); Holds (a)  that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)  that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points. Done in English, and notified in writing on 25 April 2024, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.    Viktoriya Maradudina Peeter Roosma  Acting Deputy Registrar President     APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 11 of the Convention (disproportionate measures against organisers and participants of public assemblies) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth Representative’s name and location Name of the public event Location Date Administrative charges Penalty Final domestic decision Court Name Date Other complaints under well-established case-law Amount awarded for pecuniary and non‑pecuniary damage per applicant (in euros)[1]     1434/18 06/12/2017 Andrey Mikhaylovich ANTROPOV Zhdanov Ivan Yuryevich Vilnius Anti-corruption rally   Nizhniy Tagil   26/03/2017 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Sverdlovsk Regional Court 06/06/2017 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 3,500     10211/20 10/02/2020 Alena Aleksandrovna YURCHENKO     Rally in support of I. Golunov   Moscow   12/06/2019 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Moscow City Court 20/08/2019 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention on 12/06/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing up an administrative-offence record (such record only drawn up on 18/06/2019)   4,000     28522/21 07/05/2021 Alsu Mansurovna AKHMETOVA Shagiyeva Regina Ilgizovna Leninigorsk Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Naberezhnye Chelny   23/01/2021   article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic 03/03/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 23/01/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing a record of administrative offence (such record compiled on 27/01/2021) 4,000     28817/21 07/05/2021 Yekaterina Vitalyevna SAKALAVICHYS Shagiyeva Regina Ilgizovna Leninigorsk Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Naberezhnye Chelny   23/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic 03/03/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 23/01/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing a record of administrative offence 4,000     28821/21 07/05/2021 Neonila Nikolayevna PAVSKAYA Shagiyeva Regina Ilgizovna Leninigorsk Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Naberezhnye Chelny   23/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic 10/03/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 23/01/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing a record of administrative offence (such record compiled on 24/01/2021) 4,000     28822/21 07/05/2021 Lyubov Sergeyevna TETERINA Shagiyeva Regina Ilgizovna Leninigorsk Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Naberezhnye Chelny   23/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic 03/03/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention – arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 23/01/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing a record of administrative offence 4,000     28823/21 07/05/2021 Aydar Almazovich GABDULLIN Shagiyeva Regina Ilgizovna Leninigorsk Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Naberezhnye Chelny   23/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic 10/03/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 23/01/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing a record of administrative offence (such record compiled on 24/01/2021) 4,000     28837/21 07/05/2021 Yelena Igorevna KOVSHOVA   Shagiyeva Regina Ilgizovna Leninigorsk Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Naberezhnye Chelny   23/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic 03/03/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention- arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 23/01/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing a record of administrative offence 4,000     28839/21 07/05/2021 Polina Ildarovna ABRAROVA Shagiyeva Regina Ilgizovna Leninigorsk Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Naberezhnye Chelny   31/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic 10/03/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention between 31/01/2021 and 01/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after the offence record had been compiled 4,000   29793/21 22/05/2021 Yelizaveta STERLIGOVA Gilmanov Mansur Idrisovich Podolsk Event in support of LGBT community   Moscow   07/10/2020 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 13,000 Moscow City Court 18/02/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention on 07/10/2020 for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence;   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   30174/21 18/05/2021 Vasiliy Alekseyevich KRESTYANINOV Gilmanov Mansur Idrisovich Podolsk Event in support of LGBT community   Moscow   07/10/2020 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 15,000 Moscow City Court 18/02/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 07/10/2020 for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   30179/21 15/05/2021 Darya Sergeyevna SHUVALOVA Gilmanov Mansur Idrisovich Podolsk Rally against constitutional amendments   Moscow   15/07/2020 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Moscow City Court 16/11/2020 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 15/07/2020 for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   30233/21 15/05/2021 Vitaliy Aleksandrovich PETRENKO Gilmanov Mansur Idrisovich Podolsk Rally against the constitutional amendments   Moscow   15/07/2020 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Moscow City Court 16/11/2020 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention on 15/07/2020 for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   30351/21 15/05/2021 Dmitriy Nikitich GOLIK Gilmanov Mansur Idrisovich Podolsk Rally against the constitutional amendments   Moscow   15/07/2020 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Moscow City Court 16/11/2020 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention on 15/07/2020 for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   30425/21 15/05/2021 Nikolay Alekseyevich OZHERELYEV Gilmanov Mansur Idrisovich Podolsk Rally against the constitutional amendments   Moscow   15/07/2020 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Moscow City Court 18/11/2020 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 15/07/2020 for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   30630/21 15/05/2021 Daniil Yevgenyevich ROTAR Gilmanov Mansur Idrisovich Podolsk Rally against constitutional amendments   Moscow   15/07/2020 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Moscow City Court 16/11/2020 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention- arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 15/07/2020 for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   30809/21 18/05/2021 Aleksey Sergeyevich TYURIN Gilmanov Mansur Idrisovich Podolsk Rally against constitutional amendments   Moscow   15/07/2020 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Moscow City Court 18/11/2020 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 15/07/2020 for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence,    Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   31543/21 15/05/2021 Ramis Ryazhyabovich KHISYAMETDINOV Gilmanov Mansur Idrisovich Podolsk Rally against constitutional amendments   Moscow   15/07/2020 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Moscow City Court 16/11/2020 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 15/07/2020 for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings               4,000   31710/21 07/06/2021 Denis Nikolayevich BALASHOV Memorial Human Rights Centre Moscow Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Moscow   31/01/2021 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO administrative detention of 15 days Moscow City Court 05/02/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 31/01/2021 for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings,   Prot. 7 Art. 2 - delayed review of conviction by a higher tribunal - the sentence of administrative detention imposed on the applicant on 03/02/2021 was executed immediately, on account of the lack of suspensive effect of an appeal under the CAO 5,000   33564/21 09/06/2021 Daniil Vadimovich DOBROYEZZHEV Shagiyeva Regina Ilgizovna Leninigorsk Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Naberezhnye Chelny   31/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic 10/03/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention between 31/01/2021 and 01/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after an offence record had been compiled 4,000   33566/21 09/06/2021 Aleksandr Sergeyevich DEGTEREV Shagiyeva Regina Ilgizovna Leninigorsk Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Naberezhnye Chelny   31/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine RUB 10,000 Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic 10/03/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention- arrest, escorting to a police station and detention between 31/01/2021 and 01/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after an offence record had been compiled 4,000   33570/21 09/06/2021 Svetlana Elfetovna GOLUBEVA Shagiyeva Regina Ilgizovna Leninigorsk Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Naberezhnye Chelny   31/01/2021   article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic 10/03/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention between 31/01/2021 and 01/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after an offence record had been compiled 4,000   33607/21 09/06/2021 Nazar Marselevich GARIPOV Shagiyeva Regina Ilgizovna Leninigorsk Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Naberezhnye Chelny   31/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic 10/03/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention between 31/01/2021 and 01/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after an offence record had been compiled 4,000   33608/21 09/06/2021 Sergey Anatolyevich ARZHANTSEV Shagiyeva Regina Ilgizovna Leninigorsk Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Naberezhnye Chelny   31/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO community service of 20 hours Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic 07/04/2021   3,500   33611/21 09/06/2021 Ruslan Anatolyevich FOKIN Shagiyeva Regina Ilgizovna Leninigorsk Rally in support of A. Navalnyy   Naberezhnye Chelny   31/01/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic 10/03/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention between 31/01/2021 and 01/02/2021 as administrative suspect, pending trial, after an offence record had been compiled,    Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   58683/21 15/11/2021 Aleksandr Petrovich GUSEV Gilmanov Mansur Idrisovich Podolsk Opposition rally   Moscow   22/06/2020 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 20,000 Moscow City Court 29/06/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention on 22/06/2020 for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   45367/22 19/08/2022 Aleksey Dmitriyevich MOSHCHENKO Baranova Nataliya Andreyevna Moscow Anti-war protest   St Petersburg   25/02/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 15,000 St Petersburg City Court 19/04/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention on 25/02/2022 for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of an administrative offence,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings   4,000   45792/22 14/09/2022 Kirill Aleksandrovich SEMENOV Baranova Nataliya Andreyevna Moscow   Anti-war protest   Moscow   24/02/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 20,000 Moscow City Court 09/06/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to and detention at the police station on 24/02/2022 for the sole purpose of compiling an offence report,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   480/23 11/11/2022 Maksim Dmitriyevich MASYA     Anti-war protest   Moscow   24/02/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 20,000 Moscow City Court 13/07/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station, detention on 24/02/2022, for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence (such record complied on 25/02/2022);   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   1548/23 21/12/2022 Vladislav Vladimirovich VDOVIN     Anti-war protest   Moscow   03/03/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 15,000 Moscow City Court 25/08/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - arrest, escorting to a police station and detention on 03/03/2022 for the sole purpose of drawing up a record of administrative offence;   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000     [1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.