20554/18;28640/21;46040/22

WyrokETPCz2023-07-06ECLI:CE:ECHR:2023:0706JUD002055418

Analiza orzeczenia

Sekcja wygenerowana przez AI na podstawie treści orzeczenia — nie stanowi cytatu.

Zagadnienie prawne

Czy przewlekłość postępowania cywilnego i brak skutecznego środka odwoławczego w prawie krajowym naruszyły prawo do rozpoznania sprawy w rozsądnym terminie z art. 6 ust. 1 oraz prawo do skutecznego środka odwoławczego z art. 13 Konwencji?

Ratio decidendi

Trybunał, odwołując się do ugruntowanego orzecznictwa, stwierdził, że długość postępowań cywilnych w sprawach skarżących była nadmierna i nie spełniała wymogu „rozsądnego terminu” z art. 6 ust. 1 Konwencji, ponieważ nie przedstawiono żadnych faktów ani argumentów uzasadniających ogólną długość postępowań na poziomie krajowym. Dodatkowo, Trybunał zauważył, że skarżący nie mieli do dyspozycji skutecznego środka odwoławczego w odniesieniu do tych skarg, co stanowiło naruszenie art. 13 Konwencji. Trybunał uznał, że kwestie te są podobne do tych, które rozstrzygnięto w wiodącej sprawie Karnaushenko v. Ukraine.

Stan faktyczny

Trzech skarżących – Vitaliy Ivanovych Roman, Dmytro Grygorovych Fysun i Sergiy Vasylyovych Oryshchuk – złożyło skargi przeciwko Ukrainie. Skarżący zarzucali, że postępowania cywilne, w których byli stronami, trwały nadmiernie długo, a także, że w prawie krajowym brakowało skutecznego środka odwoławczego, który pozwoliłby im na dochodzenie roszczeń w związku z tą przewlekłością. W jednej ze spraw (nr 20554/18) skarżący podniósł również inne zarzuty na podstawie art. 8 ust. 1 Konwencji.

Rozstrzygnięcie

Trybunał jednogłośnie: 1. Postanawia połączyć skargi. 2. Uznaje skargi dotyczące nadmiernej długości postępowań cywilnych i braku skutecznego środka odwoławczego w prawie krajowym za dopuszczalne, a pozostałe skargi w sprawie nr 20554/18 za niedopuszczalne. 3. Stwierdza, że te skargi ujawniają naruszenie art. 6 § 1 i art. 13 Konwencji w związku z nadmierną długością postępowań cywilnych i brakiem skutecznego środka odwoławczego w prawie krajowym. 4. Orzeka, że państwo pozwane ma zapłacić skarżącym, w ciągu trzech miesięcy, kwoty wskazane w załączonej tabeli, które zostaną przeliczone na walutę państwa pozwanego według kursu obowiązującego w dniu zapłaty. 5. Orzeka, że od upływu wspomnianych trzech miesięcy do dnia zapłaty, odsetki proste będą płatne od powyższych kwot według stopy równej krańcowej stopie oprocentowania Europejskiego Banku Centralnego w okresie zwłoki plus trzy punkty procentowe. 6. Oddala pozostałe roszczenia skarżącego w sprawie nr 20554/18 o słuszne zadośćuczynienie.

Pełny tekst orzeczenia

FIFTH SECTION CASE OF ROMAN AND OTHERS v. UKRAINE (Application no. 20554/18 and 2 others – see appended list) JUDGMENT STRASBOURG 6 July 2023 This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision. In the case of Roman and Others v. Ukraine, The European Court of Human Rights (Fifth Section), sitting as a Committee composed of: Carlo Ranzoni, President, Lado Chanturia, María Elósegui, judges, and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 15 June 2023, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1. The case originated in applications against Ukraine lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. 2. The Ukrainian Government (“the Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3. The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4. The applicants complained of the excessive length of civil proceedings and of the lack of any effective remedy in domestic law. In application no. 20554/18 the applicant also raised other complaints under the Convention. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5. Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 6 § 1 AND ARTICLE 13 OF THE CONVENTION 6. The applicants complained principally that the length of the civil proceedings in question had been incompatible with the “reasonable time” requirement and that they had no effective remedy in this connection. They relied on Article 6 § 1 and Article 13 of the Convention. 7. The Court reiterates that the reasonableness of the length of proceedings must be assessed in the light of the circumstances of the case and with reference to the following criteria: the complexity of the case, the conduct of the applicants and the relevant authorities and what was at stake for the applicants in the dispute (see Frydlender v. France [GC], no. 30979/96, § 43, ECHR 2000-VII). 8. In the leading case of Karnaushenko v. Ukraine, no. 23853/02, 30 November 2006, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 9. Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of justifying the overall length of the proceedings at the national level. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the length of the proceedings was excessive and failed to meet the “reasonable time” requirement. 10. The Court further notes that the applicants did not have at their disposal an effective remedy in respect of these complaints. 11. These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 6 § 1 and of Article 13 of the Convention. REMAINING COMPLAINTS 12. In application no. 20554/18 the applicant also raised other complaints under Article 8 § 1 of the Convention. 13. The Court has examined this complaint and considers that, in the light of all the material in its possession and in so far as the matters complained of are within its competence, it either does not meet the admissibility criteria set out in Articles 34 and 35 of the Convention or does not disclose any appearance of a violation of the rights and freedoms enshrined in the Convention or the Protocols thereto. It follows that this part of the application must be rejected in accordance with Article 35 § 4 of the Convention. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION 14. Article 41 of the Convention provides: “If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.” 15. Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case‑law (see, in particular, Karnaushenko, cited above, §§ 70 and 75), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table and rejects any additional claims for just satisfaction raised by the applicant in application no. 20554/18. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Declares the complaints concerning the excessive length of civil proceedings and the lack of any effective remedy in domestic law admissible and the remainder of application no. 20554/18 inadmissible; Holds that these complaints disclose a breach of Article 6 § 1 and Article 13 of the Convention concerning the excessive length of civil proceedings and the lack of any effective remedy in domestic law; Holds (a) that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b) that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points; Dismisses the remainder of the applicant’s claims for just satisfaction in application no. 20554/18. Done in English, and notified in writing on 6 July 2023, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court. Viktoriya Maradudina Carlo Ranzoni Acting Deputy Registrar President APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 6 § 1 and Article 13 of the Convention (excessive length of civil proceedings and lack of any effective remedy in domestic law) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth Representative’s name and location Start of proceedings End of proceedings Total length Levels of jurisdiction Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage per applicant (in euros)[1] 20554/18 24/04/2018 Vitaliy Ivanovych ROMAN Vasyliuk Igor Mykolayovych Lutsk 17/11/2014 29/09/2021 6 years and 10 months and 13 days 3 levels of jurisdiction (Proceedings stayed in December 2014 awaiting the Constitutional Court’s decision on the Lustration law. On 25/11/2020 the Circuit Court rendered the judgment in the case and reinstated the applicant) 28640/21 18/05/2021 Dmytro Grygorovych FYSUN 01/10/2015 20/01/2021 5 years and 3 months and 20 days 1 level of jurisdiction 1,500 46040/22 16/09/2022 Sergiy Vasylyovych ORYSHCHUK 05/01/2017 25/05/2022 5 years and 4 months and 21 days 1 level of jurisdiction 1,500 [1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.