21980/21;24004/21;30115/21;31343/21;33461/21;35878/21;36646/21;36651/21;36655/21;36760/21

FIRST SECTION CASE OF BANDER AND OTHERS v. HUNGARY (Applications nos. 21980/21 and 9 others – see appended list)             JUDGMENT         STRASBOURG 31 March 2022 This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision. In the case of Bander and Others v. Hungary, The European Court of Human Rights (First Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:  Alena Poláčková, President,  Raffaele Sabato,  Davor Derenčinović, judges, and Attila Teplán, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 10 March 2022, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.  The case originated in applications against Hungary lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. 2.  The Hungarian Government (“the Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3.  The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.  The applicants complained of the excessive length of their pre-trial detention. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.  Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 5 § 3 OF THE CONVENTION 6.  The applicants complained principally that their pre-trial detention had been unreasonably long. They relied on Article 5 § 3 of the Convention, which reads as follows: Article 5 § 3 “3.  Everyone arrested or detained in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 (c) of this Article shall be ... entitled to trial within a reasonable time or to release pending trial. Release may be conditioned by guarantees to appear for trial.” 7.  The Court observes that the general principles regarding the right to trial within a reasonable time or to release pending trial, as guaranteed by Article 5 § 3 of the Convention, have been stated in a number of its previous judgments (see, among many other authorities, Kudła v. Poland [GC], no. 30210/96, § 110, ECHR 2000‑XI, and McKay v. the United Kingdom [GC], no. 543/03, §§ 41-44, ECHR 2006‑X, with further references). 8.  In the leading cases of Gál v. Hungary, no. 62631/11, 11 March 2014 and Lakatos v. Hungary, no. 21786/15, 26 June 2018, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 9.  Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the length of the applicants’ pre-trial detention was excessive. 10.  These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 5 § 3 of the Convention. OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW 11.  Some applicants submitted further complaints under Article 5 § 4 of the Convention which also raised issues, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its findings in among many authorities, Bandur v. Hungary, no. 50130/12, §§ 79 to 85, 5 July 2016. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION 12.  Article 41 of the Convention provides: “If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.” 13.  Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case‑law (see, in particular, Gál, cited above), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table. 14.  The Court considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Declares the applications admissible; Holds that these applications disclose a breach of Article 5 § 3 of the Convention concerning the excessive length of pre-trial detention; Holds that there has been a violation of the Convention as regards the other complaints raised under well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table); Holds (a)  that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)  that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points. Done in English, and notified in writing on 31 March 2022, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.    Attila Teplán Alena Poláčková  Acting Deputy Registrar President       APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 5 § 3 of the Convention (excessive length of pre-trial detention) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth   Representative’s name and location Period of detention Length of detention Other complaints under well‑established case-law Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros)[1]     21980/21 06/04/2021 Ferenc BANDER Karsai Dániel András Budapest 21/09/2019 to 10/02/2021 1 year(s) and 4 month(s) and 21 day(s)     2,000     24004/21 15/04/2021 József FICSÓRI Kiss Dominika Szilvia Budapest 26/11/2018 to 04/11/2020 1 year(s) and 11 month(s) and 10 day(s)     2,600     30115/21 04/06/2021 Zsolt ORSÓS Kiss Dániel Bálint Budapest 04/06/2019 to 01/12/2021 2 year(s) and 5 month(s) and 28 day(s)   Art. 5 (4) - excessive length of judicial review of detention - The obligatory 6‑month detention review was carried out with a delay of 23 days. 4,400     31343/21 18/05/2021 Mária BODA Karsai Dániel András Budapest 16/11/2018 to 30/11/2020 2 year(s) and 15 day(s)     2,700     33461/21 17/06/2021 Rafael Renato KOZICSKA Kiss Dániel Bálint Budapest 22/10/2019 to 03/06/2021 1 year(s) and 7 month(s) and 13 day(s)   Art. 5 (4) - excessive length of judicial review of detention - The obligatory 6‑month review was carried out with a delay of 30 days. 3,000     35878/21 07/07/2021 Gusztáv BARTA Kiss Dominika Szilvia Budapest 28/11/2018 to 14/06/2021 2 year(s) and 6 month(s) and 18 day(s)   Art. 5 (4) - excessive length of judicial review of detention - The 6-month and 1‑year reviews of the applicant’s detention occurred 49 and 46 days after the expiry of the previous detention orders. One of his appeals was also handled within more than 2 months. 4,600     36646/21 09/07/2021 János KISS Karsai Dániel András Budapest 23/02/2019 to 18/01/2021 1 year(s) and 10 month(s) and 27 day(s)     2,700     36651/21 09/07/2021 Gábor DRIMUS Kiss Dániel Bálint Budapest 15/05/2019 to 18/05/2021 2 year(s) and 4 day(s)   Art. 5 (4) - excessive length of judicial review of detention - The 6-month review of the applicant’s detention took place 35 days after the expiry of the previous detention order. One appeal lasted for over a month. 3,500     36655/21 09/07/2021 Attila SZABÓ Kiss Dániel Bálint Budapest 07/04/2019 to 31/03/2021 1 year(s) and 11 month(s) and 25 day(s)   Art. 5 (4) - excessive length of judicial review of detention - The 6-month review was carried out with a delay of 25 days. Two appeals were examined with delays of 2 months each. 3,400   36760/21 12/07/2021 Imre LACZKÓ Karsai Dániel András Budapest 17/05/2019 to 03/02/2021 1 year(s) and 8 month(s) and 18 day(s)     2,500   [1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.