25582/22;52715/22;52721/22

FOURTH SECTION CASE OF OKCHUKWU MGBOKWERE AND OTHERS v. PORTUGAL (Applications nos. 25582/22 and 2 others – see appended list)             JUDGMENT   STRASBOURG 8 February 2024   This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.   In the case of Okchukwu Mgbokwere and Others v. Portugal, The European Court of Human Rights (Fourth Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:  Faris Vehabović, President,  Anja Seibert-Fohr,  Anne Louise Bormann, judges, and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 18 January 2024, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.  The case originated in applications against Portugal lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. 2.  The applicants were represented by Mr. V. Carreto (applications nos. 52715/22 and 52721/22) and by Mr. Gaspar (application no. 25582/22). 3.  The Portuguese Government (“the Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 4.  The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 5.  Relying on Article 3 of the Convention, the applicants complained of the inadequate conditions of their detention. Under Article 13 of the Convention, they also complained about the lack of an effective remedy in that respect. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 6.  Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. THE GOVERNMENT’S REQUEST TO STRIKE OUT THE APPLICATIONs UNDER ARTICLE 37 § 1 OF THE CONVENTION 7.  The Government submitted unilateral declarations which did not offer a sufficient basis for finding that respect for human rights as defined in the Convention does not require the Court to continue its examination of the case (Article 37 § 1 in fine). The Court rejects the Government’s request to strike the applications out and will accordingly pursue its examination of the cases (see Tahsin Acar v. Turkey (preliminary issue) [GC], no. 26307/95, § 75, ECHR 2003-VI). ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 3 OF THE CONVENTION 8.  The applicants complained principally of the inadequate conditions of their detention during the periods indicated in the appended table. They relied on Article 3 of the Convention. 9.  The Court notes that the applicants were kept in detention in poor conditions. The details of the applicants’ detention are indicated in the appended table. The Court refers to the principles established in its case‑law regarding inadequate conditions of detention (see, for instance, Muršić v. Croatia [GC], no. 7334/13, §§ 96‑101, ECHR 2016). It reiterates in particular that a serious lack of space in a prison cell weighs heavily as a factor to be taken into account for the purpose of establishing whether the detention conditions described are “degrading” from the point of view of Article 3 and may disclose a violation, both alone or taken together with other shortcomings (see Muršić, cited above, §§ 122-41, and Ananyev and Others v. Russia, nos. 42525/07 and 60800/08, §§ 149‑59, 10 January 2012). 10.  In the leading case of Petrescu v. Portugal (no. 23190/17, 3 December 2019), the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 11.  Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. In particular, it is noted that during their detention (for further details concerning the periods of detention of concern see the appended table) the applicants were kept in multi-occupancy cells which, according to the Government, had a toilet which was not separated from the remaining cell. According to the Court’s case-law, this situation is unacceptable. The Court therefore concludes that the applicants’ conditions of detention during the periods indicated in the appended table exceeded the unavoidable level of suffering which is inherent in detention and went beyond the threshold of severity under Article 3 (see Petrescu, cited above, § 101; and Canali v. France, no. 40119/09, § 52, 25 April 2013) 12.  These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 13 OF THE CONVENTION 13.  The applicants further complained of a lack of an effective remedy in respect of their complaints under Article 3 of the Convention, which also raised an issue under Article 13 of the Convention, given the relevant well‑established case-law of the Court. This complaint is not manifestly ill‑founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor is it inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, it must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that it also discloses a violation of the Convention in the light of its findings in Petrescu (cited above, §§ 75-84) concerning the lack of an effective remedy to complain about poor conditions of detention. REMAINING COMPLAINTS 14.  The applicants (applications nos. 52715/22 and 52721/22) also complained about their conditions of detention during other periods of detention during which they were detained in individual cells. Having regard to all of the available material and the parties’ arguments, the Court finds that it cannot establish that the applicants suffered during these periods of detention in the concerned prison facilities from severe overcrowding of the kind that could entail, on its own, a violation of Article 3 (see Muršić, cited above) nor can it be found that the cumulative effect of the other aspects of the detention which the applicants complained about reached the threshold of severity required to characterise the treatment as inhuman or degrading within the meaning of Article 3 (see Bokor v. Portugal, no. 5227/18, § 34, 10 December 2020). 15.  In view of the foregoing, the Court finds that the complaints related to these periods of detention are manifestly ill-founded and must be rejected in accordance with Article 35 §§ 3 (a) and 4 of the Convention. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION 16.  Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case‑law (see, in particular, Muršić, cited above, §§ 181 and 184), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Rejects the Government’ request to strike the applications out of its list of cases under Article 37 § 1 of the Convention on the basis of the unilateral declarations which they submitted; Declares the complaints about the conditions of the applicants’ detention during the periods indicated in the appended table and the lack of an effective domestic remedy in that regard admissible and dismisses the remainder of applications nos. 52715/22 and 52721/22 as inadmissible; Holds that these applications disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention concerning the inadequate conditions of detention during the periods indicated in the appended table; Holds that these applications disclose a breach of Article 13 of the Convention as regards the lack of an effective remedy to complain about inadequate conditions of detention; Holds (a)  that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table; (b)  that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points. Done in English, and notified in writing on 8 February 2024, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.    Viktoriya Maradudina Faris Vehabović  Acting Deputy Registrar President   APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 3 and 13 of the Convention (inadequate conditions of detention and lack of an effective remedy in this respect) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth   Representative’s name and location Facility Start and end date Duration Sq. m per inmate Specific grievances Amount awarded for pecuniary an non-pecuniary damage per applicant (in euros)[1] Amount awarded for costs and expenses per application (in euros)[2]     25582/22 18/05/2022 Solomon OKCHUKWU MGBOKWERE Gaspar Schwalbach José Lisbon Lisbon Central Prison 18/05/2022 pending More than 1 year and 6 months and 18 days 2 inmates 2 m² 1 toilet infestation of cell with insects/rodents, inadequate temperature, lack of fresh air, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient quantity of food, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of toiletries, no or restricted access to warm water, overcrowding, poor quality of food, lack or inadequate furniture, lack of privacy for shower 8,900     52715/22 07/11/2022 Fagner LEANDRO DE SOUZA Carreto Vítor Torres Vedras Lisbon Central Prison 13/12/2021 to 07/03/2023 1 year and 2 months and 23 days     *** Lisbon Central Prison 27/04/2023 pending More than 7 months and 9 days 2 inmates 3.72 m² 1 toilet           ***   3 inmates 1 toilet overcrowding, lack of privacy for toilet, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, poor quality of food, lack of or insufficient quantity of food, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of privacy in the showers, lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light, mouldy or dirty cell, inadequate temperature, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities   *** idem           10,200     52721/22 07/11/2022 Alberto António DIAS FERREIRA Carreto Vítor Torres Vedras Lisbon Central Prison 27/05/2021 to 31/08/2021 3 months and 5 days         *** Lisbon Central Prison 23/09/2021 pending More than 2 years and 2 months and 13 days 2 inmates 3.72 m² 1 toilet             *** 2 inmates 3.72 m² 1 toilet overcrowding, lack or inadequate furniture, inadequate temperature, humidity, lack of fresh air, lack of privacy for toilet, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of or insufficient physical exercise in fresh air, lack of privacy in the showers, poor quality of food, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack of requisite medical assistance   *** idem 12,500     [1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants. [2] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.