33196/22;33202/22;33205/22;33212/22;33213/22;34952/22;36112/22;36352/22;36361/22;39108/22;41854/22;43068/22;43095/22;44073/22;44209/22;44220/22;44225/22;44229/22;44263/22;44558/22;45167/22;45577/22;46433/22;46437/22;47522/22;47534/22;50245/22;51460/22;54276/22;32269/23

SECOND SECTION CASE OF ABROSIMOVA AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA (Applications nos. 33196/22 and 29 others – see appended list)                 JUDGMENT   STRASBOURG 14 March 2024   This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision. In the case of Abrosimova and Others v. Russia, The European Court of Human Rights (Second Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:  Lorraine Schembri Orland, President,  Frédéric Krenc,  Davor Derenčinović, judges, and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 15 February 2024, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.  The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. 2.  The Russian Government (“the Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3.  The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.  The applicants complained of the disproportionate measures taken against them as organisers or participants of public assemblies. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.  Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. JURISDICTION 6.  The Court observes that the facts giving rise to the alleged violations of the Convention occurred prior to 16 September 2022, the date on which the Russian Federation ceased to be a party to the Convention. The Court therefore decides that it has jurisdiction to examine the present applications (see Fedotova and Others v. Russia [GC], nos. 40792/10 and 2 others, §§ 68‑73, 17 January 2023). ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 11 OF THE CONVENTION 7.  The applicants complained principally of disproportionate measures taken against them as organisers or participants of public assemblies, namely their arrest in relation to the dispersal of these assemblies and their conviction for administrative offences. They relied, expressly or in substance, on Article 11 of the Convention. 8.  The Court refers to the principles established in its case-law regarding freedom of assembly (see Kudrevičius and Others v. Lithuania [GC], no. 37553/05, ECHR 2015, with further references) and proportionality of interference with it (see Oya Ataman v. Turkey, no. 74552/01, ECHR 2006‑XIV, and Hyde Park and Others v. Moldova, no. 33482/06, 31 March 2009). 9.  In the leading cases of Frumkin v. Russia, no. 74568/12, ECHR 2016 (extracts), Navalnyy and Yashin v. Russia, no. 76204/11, 4 December 2014 and Kasparov and Others v. Russia, no. 21613/07, 3 October 2013, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 10.  Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion as to the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the interferences with the applicants’ freedom of assembly were not “necessary in a democratic society”. 11.  These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 11 of the Convention. OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW 12.  Some applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention and its Protocols, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. 13.  Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that these complaints also disclose violations of the Convention and its Protocols in the light of its findings in Butkevich v. Russia, no. 5865/07, §§ 63-65, 13 February 2018, Tsvetkova and Others v. Russia, nos. 54381/08 and 5 others, §§ 115-31, 10 April 2018, and Korneyeva v. Russia, no. 72051/17, §§ 34-36, 8 October 2019, as to various aspects of unlawful deprivation of liberty of organisers or participants of public assemblies; Karelin v. Russia, no. 926/08, §§ 58-85, 20 September 2016, concerning the absence of a prosecuting party in the proceedings under the Code of Administrative Offences (the CAO); Martynyuk v. Russia, no. 13764/15, §§ 38-42, 8 October 2019, relating to the lack of suspensive effect of an appeal against the sentence of administrative detention. REMAINING COMPLAINTS 14.  Some applicants raised further additional complaints under Article 6 of the Convention concerning other aspects of fairness of the administrative‑offence proceedings. In view of the findings above, the Court considers that there is no need to deal separately with these remaining complaints. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION 15.  Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case‑law (see in particular Navalnyy and Others v. Russia [Committee], nos. 25809/17 and 14 others, § 22, 4 October 2022), the Court finds it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Holds that it has jurisdiction to deal with these applications as they relate to the facts that took place before 16 September 2022; Declares the complaints under Article 11 of the Convention and the other complaints under the well-established case-law of the Court, as set out in the appended table, admissible, and decides that there is no need to examine separately the remaining complaints under Article 6 of the Convention; Holds that these applications disclose a breach of Article 11 of the Convention; Holds that there has been a violation of the Convention and the Protocols thereto as regards the other complaints raised under the well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table); Holds (a)  that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)  that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points. Done in English, and notified in writing on 14 March 2024, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.    Viktoriya Maradudina Lorraine Schembri Orland  Acting Deputy Registrar President   APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 11 of the Convention (disproportionate measures against organisers and participants of public assemblies) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth   Representative’s name and location Name of the public event Location Date Administrative / criminal charges Penalty Final domestic decision Court Name Date Other complaints under well-established case-law Amount awarded for pecuniary and non‑pecuniary damage and costs and expense per applicant/ household (in euros)[1]     33196/22 06/06/2022 Marina Vladimirovna ABROSIMOVA Aleksey Vladimirovich Bushmakov Yekaterinburg Anti-war protest   Yekaterinburg 26/02/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO 30 hours of community work Sverdlovsk Regional Court 27/04/2022   3,500     33202/22 06/06/2022 Viktoriya Vladimirovna DOKUCHAYEVA Aleksey Vladimirovich Bushmakov Yekaterinburg Anti-war protest   Yekaterinburg 06/03/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO 35 hours of community work Sverdlovsk Regional Court 19/05/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 06/03/2022 for compiling an offence report,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000     33205/22 06/06/2022 Margarita Sergeyevna DOKUCHAYEVA Aleksey Vladimirovich Bushmakov Yekaterinburg Anti-war protest   Yekaterinburg 06/03/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO 30 hours of community work Sverdlovsk Regional Court 19/05/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 06/03/2022 for compiling an offence report,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000     33212/22 06/06/2022 Dmitriy Sergeyevich SMIRNOV Aleksey Vladimirovich Bushmakov Yekaterinburg Anti-war protest   Yekaterinburg 26/02/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 15,000 Sverdlovsk Regional Court 04/05/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 26/02/2022 for compiling an offence report,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000     33213/22 06/06/2022 Rustam Aukhatovich KHABIBULIN Aleksey Vladimirovich Bushmakov Yekaterinburg Anti-war protest   Yekaterinburg 26/02/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO 30 hours of community work Sverdlovsk Regional Court 11/05/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 26/02/2022 for compiling an offence report,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000     34952/22 27/06/2022 Danil Mikhitarovich SEMENOV Natalya Andreyevna Baranova Moscow Fair elections rally   Moscow 20/09/2021 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Moscow City Court 19/01/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 28/09/2021 for compiling an offence report,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings     4,000     36112/22 13/07/2022 Tatyana Ivanovna YESHCHEULOVA Darya Dmitriyevna Aksenova Kolomna Anti-war protest   Moscow 25/02/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 20,000 Moscow City Court 13/04/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 25/02/2022 for compiling an offence report,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000     36352/22 13/07/2022 Leontiy Vladimirovich VLADIMIROV Darya Dmitriyevna Aksenova Kolomna Anti-war protest   Moscow 06/03/2022 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO detention of 10 days Moscow City Court 14/03/2022 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings   5,000     36361/22 13/07/2022 Mikhail Aleksandrovich ARANOVSKIY Darya Dmitriyevna Aksenova Kolomna Anti-war protest   Moscow 06/03/2022 article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO detention of 12 days Moscow City Court 14/03/2022 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings   5,000   39108/22 26/07/2022 Aleksandr Yuryevich YARKIN Dmitriy Dmitriyevich Miropoltsev Kaltan Anti-war protest   Rostov-on-Don 06/03/2022 article 19.3 § 1 of CAO detention of 15 days Rostov Regional Court 07/04/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to and detention at the police station after compiling an offence report from 06/03/2022 until 07/03/2022,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings,   Prot. 7 Art. 2 - delayed review of conviction by a higher tribunal - the sentence of administrative detention imposed on the applicant was executed immediately, on account of the lack of suspensive effect of an appeal under the CAO 5,000   41854/22 19/08/2022 Aleksandra Alekseyevna ZAPOLINA     Anti-war manifestation   Nizhniy Novgorod 06/03/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Nizhniy Novgorod Regional Court 27/04/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to and detention at the police station after compiling an offence report from 06/03/2022 until 07/03/2022,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings   4,000   43068/22 20/08/2022 Alena Vladimirovna GLAZER       Yekaterina Vladimirovna GLAZER     Anti-war protest   Perm 24/02/2022   Anti-war protest   Perm 24/02/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO     article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 5,000       20 hours of community work Perm Regional Court 31/05/2022     Perm Regional Court 18/05/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station twice on 24/02/2022 for compiling an offence report,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in both sets of the administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   43095/22 19/08/2022 Artur Kamilovich SULTANOV     Anti-war protest   Samara 27/02/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Samara Regional Court 21/04/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 27/02/2022 for compiling an offence report,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings   4,000   44073/22 18/08/2022 Anna Andreyevna ANTASHKEVIC     Anti-war protest   Krasnoyarsk 06/03/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Krasnoyarsk Regional Court 18/05/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 06/03/2022 for compiling an offence report,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   44209/22 19/08/2022 Darya Andreyevna TEPLOUKHOVA Aleksey Vladimirovich Bushmakov Yekaterinburg Anti-war protest   Yekaterinburg 26/02/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 12,000 Sverdlovsk Regional Court 15/06/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 26/02/2022 for compiling an offence report,    Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   44220/22 19/08/2022 Yevgeniya Dmitriyevna AKSENOVA Aleksey Vladimirovich Bushmakov Yekaterinburg Anti-war protest   Yekaterinburg 26/02/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Sverdlovsk Regional Court 27/04/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 26/02/2022 for compiling an offence report,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   44225/22 19/08/2022 Maksim Rustamovich KHABIBULIN Aleksey Vladimirovich Bushmakov Yekaterinburg Anti-war protest   Yekaterinburg 26/02/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO 35 hours of community work Sverdlovsk Regional Court 25/05/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 26/02/2022 for compiling an offence report,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   44229/22 18/08/2022 Liliya Alekseyevna LEBED Aleksey Vladimirovich Bushmakov Yekaterinburg Anti-war protest   Yekaterinburg 26/02/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO 30 hours of community work Sverdlovsk Regional Court 08/06/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 26/02/2022 for compiling an offence report,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   44263/22 19/08/2022 Ilya Vasilyevich FEDOROV Aleksey Vladimirovich Bushmakov Yekaterinburg Anti-war protest   Yekaterinburg 06/03/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO 30 hours of community work Sverdlovsk Regional Court 29/06/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 06/03/2022 for compiling an offence report,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings     4,000   44558/22 30/08/2022 Aleksandr Vladimirovich KISELEV Darya Dmitriyevna Aksenova Kolomna Anti-war protest   Moscow 27/02/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Moscow City Court 03/08/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 27/02/2022 for compiling an offence report,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings   4,000   45167/22 05/09/2022 Sergey Alekseyevich SHISHKOV Viktor Valeryevich Kochenkov Izhevsk Anti-war protest   Izhevsk 27/02/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Supreme Court of the Udmurtia Republic 08/06/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 27/02/2022 for compiling an offence report,    Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings   4,000   45577/22 05/09/2022 Timur Ilgizovich YAGFAROV Viktor Valeryevich Kochenkov Izhevsk Anti-war protest   Izhevsk 27/02/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Supreme Court of the Udmurtia Republic 15/06/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 27/02/2022 for compiling an offence report   4,000   46433/22 15/09/2022 Nina Sergeyevna VASHCHENKO Darya Dmitriyevna Aksenova Kolomna Anti-war protest   Moscow 06/03/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Moscow City Court 13/07/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 06/03/2022 for compiling an offence report,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings   4,000   46437/22 15/09/2022 Alisa Byern MARK Darya Dmitriyevna Aksenova Kolomna Anti-war protest   Moscow 06/03/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 20,000 Moscow City Court 21/07/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 06/03/2022 for compiling an offence report,    Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   47522/22 08/09/2022 Stepan Alekseyevich SEMENOV Viktor Valeryevich Kochenkov Izhevsk Anti-war protest   Izhevsk 24/02/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Supreme Court of the Udmurtia Republic 15/07/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 24/02/2022 for compiling an offence report,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings   4,000   47534/22 10/09/2022 Roman Nikolayevich VESELKOV Viktor Valeryevich Kochenkov Izhevsk Anti-war protest   Izhevsk 24/02/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Supreme Court of the Udmurtia Republic 06/06/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 24/02/2022 for compiling an offence report,    Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   50245/22 14/10/2022 Sergey Alekseyevich IVANOV     Anti-war protest   Moscow 24/02/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 20,000 Moscow City Court 15/06/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to and detention at the police station after compiling an offence report from 24/02/2022 until 25/02/2022,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   51460/22 23/10/2022 Valeriya Gavrilovna DANILOVA   Anti-war protest   Moscow 06/03/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 20,000 Moscow City Court 23/06/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 06/03/2022 for compiling an offence report,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   54276/22 12/10/2022 Svetlana Anatolyevna VISELSKAYA   Anti-war protest   Moscow 26/02/2022 article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Moscow City Court 15/06/2022 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to the police station on 26/02/2022 for compiling an offence report,   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings   4,000   32269/23 07/08/2023 Nikolay Konstantinovich GAVRILOV     Anti-war protest   Moscow 06/03/2022 article 20.2 § 8 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Moscow City Court 07/04/2023 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - escorting to and detention at the police station after compiling an offence report from 06/03/2022 until 07/03/2022   4,000     [1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.