48796/18;8011/19;20545/19;21973/19;45709/19;61210/19;61240/19;62867/19;26567/20;26571/20;31132/20;49194/20;1889/21;20963/21;22965/21;43712/21

THIRD SECTION CASE OF SAFRONOV AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA (Applications nos. 48796/18 and 15 others – see appended list)             JUDGMENT   STRASBOURG 9 November 2023   This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision. In the case of Safronov and Others v. Russia, The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:  Peeter Roosma, President,  Ioannis Ktistakis,  Andreas Zünd, judges, and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 19 October 2023, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.  The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table 2.  The Russian Government (“the Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3.  The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.  The applicants complained of the inadequate conditions of detention under strict imprisonment regime. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.  Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. Jurisdiction 6.  The Court observes that the facts giving rise to the alleged violations of the Convention occurred prior to 16 September 2022, the date on which the Russian Federation ceased to be a party to the Convention. The Court therefore decides that it has jurisdiction to examine the present applications (see Fedotova and Others v. Russia [GC], nos. 40792/10 and 2 others, §§ 68‑73, 17 January 2023). ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 3 of the Convention 7.  The applicants complained principally of the inadequate conditions of detention under strict imprisonment regime. They relied, expressly or in substance, on Article 3 of the Convention. 8.  In the leading case of N.T. v. Russia, no. 14727/11, 2 June 2020, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 9.  Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. 10.  These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention. OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW 11.  Some applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its findings in the cases of Svinarenko and Slyadnev v. Russia [GC] (nos. 32541/08 and 43441/08, ECHR 2014 (extracts)), Idalov v. Russia [GC] (no. 5826/03, 22 May 2012) and Gorlov and Others v. Russia (nos. 27057/06 and 2 others, 2 July 2019). REMAINING COMPLAINTS 12.  The applicant in applications nos. 8011/19, 45709/19, 43712/21 also raised other complaints under various Articles of the Convention. 13.  The Court has examined these complaints and considers that, in the light of all the material in its possession and in so far as the matters complained of are within its competence, these complaints either do not meet the admissibility criteria set out in Articles 34 and 35 of the Convention or do not disclose any appearance of a violation of the rights and freedoms enshrined in the Convention or the Protocols thereto. 14.  It follows that this part of the applications must be rejected in accordance with Article 35 § 4 of the Convention.   APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION 15.  Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case‑law (see, in particular, N.T. v. Russia, cited above, § 61, and Svinarenko and Slyadnev, also cited above), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Holds that it has jurisdiction to deal with these applications as they relate to the facts that took place before 16 September 2022; Declares the complaints concerning the inadequate conditions of detention under strict imprisonment regime and the other complaints under the well-established case-law of the Court, as set out in the appended table, admissible and the remainder of applications nos. 8011/19, 45709/19, 43712/21 inadmissible; Holds that these applications disclose a breach of Article 3 of the Convention concerning the inadequate conditions of detention under strict imprisonment regime; Holds that there has been a violation of the Convention as regards the other complaints raised under the well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table); Holds (a)  that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)  that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points. Done in English, and notified in writing on 9 November 2023, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.    Viktoriya Maradudina Peeter Roosma  Acting Deputy Registrar President     APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 3 of the Convention (inadequate conditions of detention under strict imprisonment regime) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth   Representative’s name and location Facility Start and end date of detention under strict regime Other complaints under well-established case-law Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant /household (in euros)[1]     48796/18 26/09/2018 Andrey Aleksandrovich SAFRONOV     IK-5 Vologda Region 01/08/2017 – pending as of 16/09/2022   3,000     8011/19 14/01/2019 Aleksey Gennadyevich BERDUTO     IK-56 Sverdlovsk Region, IK-6 Khabarovsk Region 06/12/2013 – pending as of 16/09/2022   3,000     20545/19 27/03/2019 Roman Leonidovich CHERNYSHEV     IK-6 Khabarovsk Region 01/04/2018 – pending as of 16/09/2022   3,000     21973/19 02/04/2019 Roman Mikhaylovich SHASHKOV     IZ-6 St Petersburg 28/11/2017 - 11/09/2019 Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention during transport - transport between 24/01/2022 and 03/02/2022 by train and van - duration of transport in a van is about 2 hours each time; applicant transported on numerous occasions, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or insufficient natural light, inadequate temperature, passive smoking, no or restricted access to toilet, no or restricted access to warm water, no or restricted access to potable water, no more than 2 sq. m. personal space in a train, no more than 0.3 sq. m. personal space in a van 4,000     45709/19 20/08/2019 Artem Melikovich CHAKRYAN     IK-6 Khabarovsk Region 26/02/2019 – pending as of 16/09/2022   3,000     61210/19 27/04/2018 Vladislav Viktorovich TAMAMSHEV     IK-18 Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Region, SIZO-1 Kirov Region, SIZO-1 Sverdlovsk Region, SIZO-1 Irkutsk Region, SIZO-1 Khabarovsk Region 06/05/2012 – pending as of 16/09/2022 Art. 3 - inadequate conditions of detention during transport - poor conditions of the applicant’s transport by train between 17/10/2020 and 20/10/2020; between 15/11/2020 and 16/11/2020; between 18/11/2020 and 12/12/2020: personal space from 0.5 to 0.9 sq. m. Specific grievances: lack of fresh air, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, no or restricted access to toilet, overcrowding, lack of privacy for toilet; applicant transported on numerous occasions,   Art. 8 (1) - permanent video surveillance of detainees in pre-trial or post-conviction detention facilities - video surveillance in remand prisons (SIZO) where he was placed between 20/10/2020 and 17/12/2020. Specific grievances: opposite-sex operators, detention in different cells with video surveillance, surveillance in the lavatory / shower,   Art. 3 - use of metal cages and/or other security arrangements in courtrooms – placement in a metal cage in court hearings from 25/02/2021 to 13/05/2021; Moscow City Court, Kirovskiy District Court of Irkutsk, Pervomayskiy Districk Court of Kirov, Amursk Town Court of Khabarovsk Region, Kirovskiy District Court of Khabarovsk, Kuybyshevskiy Districk Court of Irkutsk,   Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of inadequate conditions of detention during transport and in respect of placement to a metal cage 9,750     61240/19 21/10/2019 Vitaliy Yuryevich VIKHAREV       IK-6 Khabarovsk Region 05/04/2018 – pending as of 16/09/2022   3,000     62867/19 19/11/2019 Sergey Mikhaylovich SHIROKOV     IK-6 Orenburg Region 14/03/2001 - 14/08/2019   3,000     26567/20 01/06/2020 Anton Sergeyevich MALYUTIN     IK-5 Vologda Region, IK-6 Khabarovsk Region 10/11/2016 - pending as of 16/09/2022 Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of placement in a metal cage during court hearings;   Art. 3 - use of metal cages and/or other security arrangements in courtrooms – placement in a metal cage in the court hearing on 20/09/2021 before the Belozerskiy District Court of the Volgograd Region 9,750   26571/20 26/03/2020 Denis Konstantinovich MIKHAYLOV     IK-5 Vologda Region, IK-6 Khabarovsk Region 28/04/2014 - pending as of 16/09/2022 Art. 3 - use of metal cages and/or other security arrangements in courtrooms – placement in a metal cage in court hearings before the Supreme Court of the Republic of Buryatia, Zheleznodorozhnyy District Court of Ulan-Ude, Khabarovsk Regional Court, 10/02/2021 - 08/07/2021 9,750   31132/20 26/06/2020 Sergey Vyacheslavovich LOYEV     IK-6 Khabarovsk Region 17/01/2013 – pending as of 16/09/2022   3,000   49194/20 26/06/2020 Vladimir Viktorovich MENKOV     IK-6 Khabarovsk Region, IK-56 Sverdlovsk Region 04/11/2010 - pending as of 16/09/2022   3,000   1889/21 18/12/2020 Stanislav Sergeyevich MURASHEV     IK-2 Perm Region 05/05/2016 - pending as of 16/09/2022   3,000   20963/21 14/01/2021 Igor Vladimirovich ZHILENKOV     IK-6 Orenburg Region 22/07/2013 - pending as of 16/09/2022   3,000   22965/21 23/08/2021 Vitaliy Vladimirovich SHASTUN     IK-6 Khabarovsk Region 26/05/2018 - pending as of 16/09/2022   3,000   43712/21 16/08/2021 Oleg Nikolayevich SYSLOV     IK-56 Sverdlovsk Region, IK-6 Khabarovsk Region 04/09/2011 - 04/09/2021   3,000     [1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.