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FIRST SECTION CASE OF ABAKUMOV AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA (Applications nos. 50116/18 and 37 others – see appended list)           JUDGMENT         STRASBOURG 30 November 2023 This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision. In the case of Abakumov and Others v. Russia, The European Court of Human Rights (First Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:  Péter Paczolay, President,  Gilberto Felici,  Raffaele Sabato, judges, and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 9 November 2023, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.  The case originated in applications against Russia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. 2.  The Russian Government (“the Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3.  The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.  The applicants complained of the disproportionate measures taken against them as organisers or participants of public assemblies. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.  Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. JURISDICTION 6.  The Court observes that the facts giving rise to the alleged violations of the Convention occurred prior to 16 September 2022, the date on which the Russian Federation ceased to be a party to the Convention. The Court therefore decides that it has jurisdiction to examine the present applications (see Fedotova and Others v. Russia [GC], nos. 40792/10 and 2 others, §§ 68‑73, 17 January 2023). ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 11 OF THE CONVENTION 7.  The applicants complained principally of disproportionate measures taken against them as organisers or participants of public assemblies, namely their arrest in relation to the dispersal of these assemblies and their conviction for administrative offences. They relied, expressly or in substance, on Article 11 of the Convention. 8.  The Court refers to the principles established in its case-law regarding freedom of assembly (see Kudrevičius and Others v. Lithuania [GC], no. 37553/05, ECHR 2015, with further references) and proportionality of interference with it (see Oya Ataman v. Turkey, no. 74552/01, ECHR 2006‑XIV, and Hyde Park and Others v. Moldova, no. 33482/06, 31 March 2009). 9.  In the leading cases of Frumkin v. Russia, no. 74568/12, ECHR 2016 (extracts), Navalnyy and Yashin v. Russia, no. 76204/11, 4 December 2014 and Kasparov and Others v. Russia, no. 21613/07, 3 October 2013, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 10.  Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion as to the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the interferences with the applicants’ freedom of assembly were not “necessary in a democratic society”. 11.  These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 11 of the Convention. OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW 12.  Some applicants submitted other complaints which also raised issues under the Convention and its Protocols, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. 13.  Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that these complaints also disclose violations of the Convention and its Protocols in the light of its findings in Butkevich v. Russia, no. 5865/07, §§ 63-65, 13 February 2018, Tsvetkova and Others v. Russia, nos. 54381/08 and 5 others, §§ 115-31, 10 April 2018, and Korneyeva v. Russia, no. 72051/17, §§ 34-36, 8 October 2019, as to various aspects of unlawful deprivation of liberty of organisers or participants of public assemblies; Karelin v. Russia, no. 926/08, §§ 58-85, 20 September 2016, concerning the absence of a prosecuting party in the proceedings under the Code of Administrative Offences (the CAO); and Martynyuk v. Russia, no. 13764/15, §§ 38-42, 8 October 2019, relating to the lack of suspensive effect of an appeal against the sentence of administrative detention. REMAINING COMPLAINTS 14.  Some applicants raised further complaints under the Convention. In view of the findings in paragraphs 11 and 13 above, the Court considers that there is no need to deal separately with these remaining complaints. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION 15.  Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case‑law (see in particular Navalnyy and Others v. Russia [Committee], nos. 25809/17 and 14 others, § 22, 4 October 2022), the Court finds it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Holds that it has jurisdiction to deal with the applicants’ complaints as they relate to facts that took place before 16 September 2022; Declares the complaints under Article 11 of the Convention and the other complaints under the well-established case-law of the Court, as set out in the appended table, admissible, and finds that there is no need to examine separately the remaining complaints; Holds that there has been a breach of Article 11 of the Convention in respect of all the applicants; Holds that there has been a violation of the Convention and the Protocols thereto as regards the other complaints raised under the well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table); Holds (a)  that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)  that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points. Done in English, and notified in writing on 30 November 2023, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.    Viktoriya Maradudina Péter Paczolay  Acting Deputy Registrar President     APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 11 of the Convention (disproportionate measures against organisers and participants of public assemblies) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth   Representative’s name and location Name of the public event Location Date Administrative offence Penalty Final domestic decision Court Name Date Other complaints under well-established case-law Amount awarded for pecuniary and non‑pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros)[1]     50116/18 10/10/2018 Vyacheslav Valeryevich ABAKUMOV Zhdanov Ivan Yuryevich Vilnius Opposition rally   Voronezh 05/05/2018 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO     Article 19.3 § 1 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000     5 days of detention Voronezh Regional Court 14/06/2018   Voronezh Regional Court 14/06/2018 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in both sets of administrative-offence proceedings 5,000     50124/18 10/10/2018 Sergey Igorevich SENTSOV Zhdanov Ivan Yuryevich Vilnius Opposition rally   Voronezh 05/05/2018   Article 19.3 § 1 of CAO       Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO   5 days of detention       fine of RUB 10,000   Voronezh Regional Court 15/06/2018     Voronezh Regional Court 26/06/2018 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in both sets of administrative-offence proceedings 5,000     50245/18 10/10/2018 Aleksey Andreyevich FILONOV Zhdanov Ivan Yuryevich Vilnius Opposition rally   Voronezh 05/05/2018 Article 19.3 § 1 of CAO 5 days of detention Voronezh Regional Court 15/06/2018 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 05-06/05/2018 detention in a police station for and after compiling an offence report;    Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,000     52385/18 27/10/2018 Aleksandr Vasilyevich TONKO Yatsenko Irina Aleksandrovna Moscow Rally of mortgage loaners   Moscow 28/11/2017 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Moscow City Court 26/04/2018   (received no earlier than 27/04/2018) Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 28/11/2017 escorting to a police station for compiling an offence report   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000     53206/18 05/11/2018 Vyacheslav Mikhaylovich KALMYKOV Terekhov Konstantin Ilyich Moscow Rally to support A. Navalnyy   Astrakhan 28/01/2018 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Astrakhan Regional Court 11/05/2018   3,500     53428/18 31/10/2018 Petr Petrovich PETROV Pershakova Yelena Yuryevna Moscow Rally to support A. Navalnyy   Perm 07/10/2017 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Perm Regional Court 06/06/2018 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 3,500     53807/18 01/11/2018 Yegor Fedorovich YEREMEYEV Sergeyeva Irina Vadimovna Moscow Assembly to support Telegram   Moscow 16/04/2018     Article 20.2.2 § 1 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Moscow City Court 30/05/2018 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 16-17/04/2018 escorting to and detention in a police station for compiling an offence report;   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000     53905/18 27/10/2018 Vladimir Vasilyevich GONTAR Yatsenko Irina Aleksandrovna Moscow Rally of mortgage loaners   Moscow 28/11/2017 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Moscow City Court 26/04/2018   (received no earlier than 27/04/2018) Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 28/11/2017 escorting to a police station for compiling an offence report;   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000     54895/18 31/10/2018 Kirill Andreyevich KLYUSOV Cherkasov Vitaliy Viktorovich St Petersburg Opposition rally   St Petersburg 05/05/2018 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 St Petersburg City Court 14/06/2018 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 05-06/05/2018 escorting to and detention in a police station for and after compiling an offence report;   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   55664/18 13/11/2018 Lyudmila Aleksandrovna SUKOVA Sergeyeva Irina Vadimovna Moscow Assembly to support Telegram   Moscow 16/04/2018 Article 20.2.2 § 1 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Moscow City Court 30/05/2018 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 16-17/04/2018 escorting to and detention in a police station for compiling an offence report;    Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   56196/18 16/11/2018 Sofya Dmitriyevna TROFIMOVA Sergeyeva Irina Vadimovna Moscow Assembly to support Telegram   Moscow 16/04/2018 Article 20.2.2 § 1 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Moscow City Court 30/05/2018 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 16-17/04/2018 escorting to and detention in a police station for compiling an offence report;   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   7615/19 21/01/2019 Vyacheslav Borisovich STEBLIN Zhdanov Ivan Yuryevich Vilnius Opposition rally   Moscow 05/05/2018           Rally to support I. Golunov   Moscow 12/06/2019 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO     Article 19.3 § 1 of CAO       Article 20.2 § 8 of CAO fine of RUB 15,000     fine of RUB 1,000       fine of RUB 150,000 Moscow City Court 06/08/2018   Moscow City Court 22/10/2018     Moscow City Court 12/11/2019 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 12-13/06/2019 escorting to and detention in a police station for and after compiling an offence report;   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in three sets of administrative-offence proceedings 6,000   17438/19 18/03/2019 Vyacheslav Vladimirovich VERESHCHAGIN Olenichev Maksim Vladimirovich St Petersburg LGBT-rights rally   St Petersburg 04/08/2018 Article 20.2 § 8 of CAO fine of RUB 150,000 St Petersburg City Court 25/09/2018  Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 5,400   20139/19 02/04/2019 Svetlana Nikolayevna VOLKOVA Pomazuyev Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Vilnius Rally against the pension reform   Yekaterinburg 09/09/2018 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Sverdlovsk Regional Court 22/11/2018 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 09/09/2018 escorting to a police station for compiling an offence report 4,000   20144/19 02/04/2019 Aleksey Andreyevich BARINOV Pomazuyev Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Vilnius Rally against the pension reform   Yekaterinburg 09/09/2018 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Sverdlovsk Regional Court 22/01/2019 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 09/09/2018 escorting to a police station for compiling an offence report;   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   21001/19 02/04/2019 Kirill Sergeyevich BADULIN Pomazuyev Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Vilnius Opposition rally   Moscow 05/05/2018 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Moscow City Court 30/11/2018 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 05/05/2018 escorting to a police station for compiling an offence report;    Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   29446/19 17/05/2019 Nikolay Anatolyevich DUBININ Yelanchik Oleg Aleksandrovich Moscow Rally against the pension reform   Moscow 10/09/2018 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Moscow City Court 20/11/2018 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 10/09/2018 escorting to a police station for compiling an offence report;   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   29896/19 27/05/2019 Yekaterina Igorevna MAKSIMOVA Sozonov Ruslan Vladimirovich Nizhniy Novgorod Rally against the pension reform   Nizhniy Novgorod 09/09/2018 Article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO fine of RUB 11,000 Nizhniy Novgorod Regional Court 28/11/2018 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 3,500   34163/19 05/06/2019 Ilyana Aleksandrovna SOLOVYEVA     Animal-rights protest   Voronezh 03/11/2018 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Voronezh Regional Court 06/12/2018 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 3,500   34938/19 17/06/2019 Vadim Dmitriyevich SUKHONENKO Chernyavskaya Andzhelika Viktorovna Oktyabrskiy Rally against the pension reform   Novosibirsk 09/09/2018 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 5,000 Novosibirsk Regional Court 18/12/2018   3,500   35380/19 17/06/2019 Veronika Nikolayevna RAZUMOVA Chernyavskaya Andzhelika Viktorovna Oktyabrskiy Rally against the pension reform   Novosibirsk 09/09/2018 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Novosibirsk Regional Court 18/12/2018   3,500   35915/19 14/06/2019 Vladislav Yuryevich KRASAVIN Yatsenko Irina Aleksandrovna Moscow Opposition rally   Moscow 28/10/2018 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Moscow City Court 14/12/2018 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 3,500   38683/19 19/07/2019 Dmitriy Yuryevich LVOV Pomazuyev Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Vilnius Opposition rally   Moscow 05/05/2018   Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO     Article 19.3 § 1 of CAO   fine of RUB 10,000     fine of RUB 1,000   Moscow City Court 18/02/2019   Moscow City Court 22/03/2019 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 05-07/05/2018 detention in a police station for and after compiling the offence reports 4,000   38921/19 10/07/2019 Vea Iosifovna KERPEL Sholokhov Igor Nikolayevich Kazan Rally against the construction of a waste-disposal factory   Kazan 17/08/2018 Article 20.2 § 2 of CAO fine of RUB 20,000 Supreme Court of the Tatarstan Republic 15/05/2019 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 28/03/2019 and 02/04/2019, escorting to a police station for recompiling an offence report in relation to the rally on 17/08/2018;   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   40293/19 17/07/2019 Vladislav Alekseyevich KRASNOV     Rally against the pension reform   Moscow 10/09/2018 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 15,000 Moscow City Court 18/01/2019 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 10/09/2018 escorting to and detention in a police station for compiling an offence report;   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   41207/19 16/07/2019 Dmitriy Aleksandrovich KOROLEV     Opposition rally   Moscow 05/05/2018 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Moscow City Court 16/01/2019 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 05-06/05/2018 escorting to and detention in a police station for compiling an offence report;    Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   41971/19 24/07/2019 Yevgeniy Valeryevich NAYMUSHIN Yatsenko Irina Aleksandrovna Moscow Opposition rally   Moscow 05/05/2018 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 20,000 Moscow City Court 24/01/2019 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 05-06/05/2018 escorting to and detention in a police station for compiling an offence report;   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   42083/19 16/07/2019 Denis Mikhaylovich YEREMIN Pomazuyev Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Vilnius Rally against the pension reform   Moscow 09/09/2018       Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Moscow City Court 14/03/2019 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 09/09/2018 escorting to and detention in a police station for compiling an offence report 4,000   43748/19 30/07/2019 Grigoriy Andreyevich IVANOV Koroleva Galina Vasilyevna Yekaterinburg Rally against the pension reform   Yekaterinburg 09/09/2018 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Sverdlovsk Regional Court 27/02/2019 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 09-10/09/2018 escorting to and detention in a police station for compiling an offence report;   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 4,000   13474/20 02/03/2020 Aleksandr Andreyevich BAIKIN     Rally to support A. Navalnyy   Yaroslavl 07/10/2017                         Rally to support A. Navalnyy   Yaroslavl 31/01/2021 Article 19.3 § 1 of CAO                                 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO case discontinued for lack of corpus delicti                           fine of RUB 10,000 Kirovskiy District Court of Yaroslavl 09/10/2017 (the applicant lodged a claim for compensation due to unlawful administrative proceedings, arrest and violation of his freedom of assembly – final judgment by the Russian Supreme Court on 18/09/2019)   Yaroslavl Regional Court 09/04/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 07-09/10/2017 and 31/01/2021 escorting to and detention in a police station for compiling offence reports; compensation case in relation to the proceedings in 2017 was dismissed (final decision on 18/09/2019 by Supreme Court);                             Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings in the 2021 case 5,000   39198/21 28/07/2021 Sergey Sergeyevich SMIRNOV Memorial Human Rights Centre Moscow Rally to support A Navalnyy   Moscow 31/01/2021 Article 20.2 § 6.1 of CAO 8 days of detention Moscow City Court 18/02/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 31/01/2021-01/02/2021 escorting to and detention in a police station for and after compiling an offence report;    Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings;   Prot. 7 Art. 2 - delayed review of conviction by a higher tribunal - lack of suspensive effect of an appeal against the sentence of detention 5,000   40550/21 30/07/2021 Oleg Stanislavovich VODYANITSKIY Zhdanov Ivan Yuryevich Vilnius Rally to support A Navalnyy   Kaliningrad 31/01/2021 Article 20.2 § 2 of CAO 5 days of detention Kaliningrad Regional Court 04/02/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 30-31/01/2021 escorting to and detention in a police station for compiling an offence report     5,000   43836/21 12/08/2021 Amir Radikovich IBATULLIN Shchukin Andrey Yevgenyevcich Nizhniy Tagil Rally to support A. Navalnyy   Yekaterinburg 31/01/2021 Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO 20 hours of community work Sverdlovsk Regional Court 08/06/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 31/01/2021 escorting to a police station for compiling an offence report 4,000   44736/21 18/08/2021 Aleksandr Vladimirovich MATVEYEV Shchukin Andrey Yevgenyevcich Nizhniy Tagil Rally to support A. Navalnyy   Yekaterinburg 21/04/2021   Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO 30 hours of community work Sverdlovsk Regional Court 14/07/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 21/04/2021 escorting to a police station for compiling an offence report 4,000   44737/21 18/08/2021 Andrey Olegovich LIPATOV Kachanov Roman Yevgenyevich Yekaterinburg Rally to support A. Navalnyy   Yekaterinburg 31/01/2021     Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO 30 hours of community work Sverdlovsk Regional Court 01/04/2021 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 3,500   47103/21 15/09/2021 Stepan Yevgenyevich SHIROBOKOV Pomazuyev Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Vilnius Rally to support A. Navalnyy   Tomsk 23/01/2021     Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 15,000 Tomsk Regional Court 26/03/2021 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 3,500   48286/21 10/09/2021 Nikolay Nikolayevich YUGIN Pomazuyev Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Vilnius Rally to support A. Navalnyy   Tomsk 31/01/2021   Article 20.2 § 5 of CAO fine of RUB 10,000 Tomsk Regional Court 19/03/2021 Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings 3,500   54253/21 20/10/2021 Vladimir Pavlovich DRAGUN Magomedova Luiza Magomedovna St Petersburg Rally to support protesters in Belarus   St Petersburg 24/01/2021 Article 20.2 § 8 of CAO 9 days of detention St Petersburg City Court 27/04/2021 Art. 5 (1) - unlawful detention - on 23-24/03/2021 escorting to and detention in a police station for and after compiling an offence report in relation to the rally on 24/01/2021;   Art. 6 (1) - lack of impartiality of the tribunal in view of the absence of a prosecuting party in administrative-offence proceedings;    Prot. 7 Art. 2 - delayed review of conviction by a higher tribunal - lack of suspensive effect of an appeal against the sentence of detention 5,000     [1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.