56154/21;56156/21;56157/21;56159/21;56957/21;57094/21;57394/21;57531/21;8371/22;16211/22

FIFTH SECTION CASE OF KORZH AND OTHERS v. UKRAINE (Applications nos. 56154/21 and 9 others – see appended list)             JUDGMENT         STRASBOURG 6 July 2023 This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision. In the case of Korzh and Others v. Ukraine, The European Court of Human Rights (Fifth Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:  Carlo Ranzoni, President,  Lado Chanturia,  María Elósegui, judges, and Viktoriya Maradudina, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 15 June 2023, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.  The case originated in applications against Ukraine lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. 2.  The Ukrainian Government (“the Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3.  The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.  The applicants complained of the inadequate conditions of their detention and of the lack of any effective remedy in domestic law. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.  Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLES 3 AND 13 OF THE CONVENTION 6.  The applicants complained that the conditions of their detention had been inappropriate and that they had no effective remedy in this connection. They relied on Articles 3 and 13 of the Convention. 7.  The Court notes that the applicants were kept in detention in poor conditions. The details of the applicants’ detention are indicated in the appended table. The Court refers to the principles established in its case‑law regarding inadequate conditions of detention (see, for instance, Muršić v. Croatia [GC], no. 7334/13, §§ 96‑101, ECHR 2016). It reiterates in particular that a serious lack of space in a prison cell weighs heavily as a factor to be taken into account for the purpose of establishing whether the detention conditions described are “degrading” from the point of view of Article 3 and may disclose a violation, both alone or taken together with other shortcomings (see Muršić, cited above, §§ 122-41, and Ananyev and Others v. Russia, nos. 42525/07 and 60800/08, §§ 149‑59, 10 January 2012). 8.  In the leading cases of Melnik v. Ukraine (no. 72286/01, 28 March 2006) and Sukachov v. Ukraine (no. 14057/17, 30 January 2020), the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 9.  Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the applicants’ conditions of detention were inadequate. 10.  The Court further notes that the applicants did not have at their disposal an effective remedy in respect of these complaints. 11.  These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Articles 3 and 13 of the Convention. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION 12.  Article 41 of the Convention provides: “If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.” 13.  Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case‑law (see, in particular, Sukachov, cited above, §§ 165 and 167), the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Declares the applications admissible; Holds that these applications disclose a breach of Articles 3 and 13 of the Convention concerning the inadequate conditions of detention and the lack of any effective remedy in domestic law; Holds (a)  that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)  that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points. Done in English, and notified in writing on 6 July 2023, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.    Viktoriya Maradudina Carlo Ranzoni  Acting Deputy Registrar President     APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Articles 3 and 13 of the Convention (inadequate conditions of detention and lack of any effective remedy in domestic law) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth Representative’s name and location Facility Start and end date Duration Sq. m per inmate Specific grievances Amount awarded for pecuniary and non‑pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros)[1]     56154/21 08/11/2021 Sergiy Grygorovych KORZH Rybiy Sergiy Mykolayovych Dnipro Kryvyy Rih Detention Facility No. 3 29/11/2012 pending More than 10 years and 5 months and 28 days 4-4.9 m² infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of fresh air, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient quantity of food, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of toiletries, mouldy or dirty cell, no or restricted access to potable water, no or restricted access to shower, passive smoking, poor quality of food 7,500     56156/21 08/11/2021 Roman Petrovych SHAMRAY Rybiy Sergiy Mykolayovych Dnipro Kryvyy Rih Detention Facility No. 3 19/12/2014 pending More than 8 years and 5 months and 8 days 4-4.5 m² infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of fresh air, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient quantity of food, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of toiletries, mouldy or dirty cell, no or restricted access to potable water, no or restricted access to shower, passive smoking, poor quality of food 7,500     56157/21 08/11/2021 Grygoriy Mykolayovych KIOSE Rybiy Sergiy Mykolayovych Dnipro Kryvyy Rih Detention Facility No. 3 19/07/2017 pending More than 5 years and 10 months and 8 days 2.3-4.5 m² infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of fresh air, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient quantity of food, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of toiletries, mouldy or dirty cell, no or restricted access to potable water, no or restricted access to shower, overcrowding, passive smoking, poor quality of food 7,500     56159/21 08/11/2021 Vitaliy Anatoliyovych YEVSYEYEV Rybiy Sergiy Mykolayovych Dnipro Kryvyy Rih Detention Facility No. 3 18/01/2015 pending More than 8 years and 4 months and 9 days 4.2-4.5 m² infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of fresh air, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient quantity of food, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of toiletries, mouldy or dirty cell, no or restricted access to potable water, no or restricted access to shower, passive smoking, poor quality of food 7,500     56957/21 10/11/2021 Sergiy Vasylyovych GUK Rybiy Sergiy Mykolayovych Dnipro Kryvyy Rih Detention Facility No. 3 25/03/2021 pending More than 2 years and 2 months and 2 days 4,4 m² infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of fresh air, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient quantity of food, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of toiletries, mouldy or dirty cell, no or restricted access to potable water, no or restricted access to shower, passive smoking, poor quality of food 5,300     57094/21 09/11/2021 Ashot Ivanovych VARTANOV Rybiy Sergiy Mykolayovych Dnipro Kryvyy Rih Detention Facility No. 3 04/05/2014 pending More than 9 years and 23 days 4-5 m² lack of fresh air, passive smoking, mouldy or dirty cell, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, bunk beds, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of toiletries, poor quality of food, no or restricted access to shower, no or restricted access to potable water, lack of or insufficient quantity of food, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or insufficient natural light, poor quality of potable water 7,500     57394/21 09/11/2021 Bogdan Valeriyovych KURASOV Rybiy Sergiy Mykolayovych Dnipro Kryvyy Rih Detention Facility No. 3 18/11/2013 pending More than 9 years and 6 months and 9 days 4-4.48 m² lack of fresh air, passive smoking, mouldy or dirty cell, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, bunk beds, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of toiletries, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, poor quality of food, no or restricted access to shower, poor quality of potable water, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or insufficient natural light, lack of or insufficient quantity of food, no or restricted access to potable water 7,500     57531/21 09/11/2021 Nazar Sergiyovych PAVLOV Rybiy Sergiy Mykolayovych Dnipro Kryviy Rih Detention Facility no. 3 04/02/2014 pending More than 9 years and 3 months and 23 days 4 m² lack of fresh air, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, mouldy or dirty cell, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack of privacy for toilet, lack of toiletries, poor quality of food, no or restricted access to shower, no or restricted access to potable water 7,500     8371/22 01/02/2022 Oleksandr Sergiyovych TKACHUK Rybiy Sergiy Mykolayovych Dnipro Kyiv Pre-Trial Detention Facility 09/01/2016 pending More than 7 years and 4 months and 18 days >2.7 m² lack of fresh air, lack of toiletries, no or restricted access to shower, overcrowding 7,500   16211/22 23/02/2022 Oleksandr Vadymovych LYSENKO Sosyedko Maksym Oleksandrovych Kyiv Dnipro Detention Facility no. 4 28/11/2016 to 08/02/2022 5 years and 2 months and 12 days 2.6-3 m² overcrowding, lack of fresh air, lack of or inadequate hygienic facilities, lack of toiletries, lack of or poor quality of bedding and bed linen, lack of or insufficient quantity of food, poor quality of food, no or restricted access to shower, lack of or insufficient electric light, lack of or insufficient natural light, passive smoking, mouldy or dirty cell, infestation of cell with insects/rodents, lack of privacy for toilet, no or restricted access to warm water 7,500     [1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.