74909/01

CONSEIL DE L'EUROPE COUNCIL OF EUROPE COUR EUROP�ENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo meore seqcia saqme "mgelaZe saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg" (saCivari # 74909/01) gadawyvetileba strasburgi 2007 wlis 24 ivlisi saboloo gaxda: 24/10/2007 winamdebare gadawyvetileba SesaZloa daeqvemdebaros redaqciul gadasinjvas saqmeze mgelaZe saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos palatam seqcia), Semdegi SemadgenlobiT: q-ni f. tulkensi, Tavmjdomare batonebi: i. kabral bareto r. turmeni m. ugrexeliZe v. zagrebelski q-ni a. mularoni b-ni d. popoviCi, mosamarTleebi, da q-ni s. dole - seqciis ganmwesrigebeli 2007 w. 3 ivlisis ganxilvis Sedegad gamoitana gadawyvetileba: (meore Semdegi procedura 1. saqmes safuZvlad udevs saqarTvelos moqalaqis b-n Salva mgelaZis (SemdgomSi `momCivani~) mier 2000 w. 4 maiss evropul sasamarTloSi adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenciis (SemdgomSi konvencia) 34-e muxlis safuZvelze saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg Setanili saCivari (74909/01). 2. evropul sasamarTloSi momCivans TbilisSi moqmedi advokati batoni v. kakabaZe xolo saqarTvelos mTavrobas (SemdgomSi "mTavroba") _ q-ni e. gureSiZe, evropul sasamarTloSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo warmomadgeneli warmoadgendnen. 3. momCivani ZiriTadad Cioda, rom misi disSvilis winaaRmdeg warmoebuli davis ganxilvis procesSi dairRva misi samarTliani sasamarTlo ganxilvisa da sacxovreblis pativiscemis ufleba. 4. 2004 w. 31 agvistos mTavrobas reglamentis 54-e ($2, b) muxlis Sesabamisad ecnoba ganmcxadeblis konvenciis me-6 ($1) da me-8 muxlebidan gamomdinare pretenziebTan dakavSirebiT. imave dRes sasamarTlom miiRo gadawyvetileba winamdebare saCivaris daSvebadobisa da arsebiTi mxaris Tanadrouli ganxilvis Sesaxeb. (konvenciis 29-e muxlis me-3 punqti). 5. rogorc momCivanma da ise mTavrobam warmoadgines werilobiTi mimoxilvebi saqmis daSvebadobisa da arsebiTi mxaris Sesaxeb. (sasamarTlos reglamentis 54-e A muxli). faqtebi I. saqmis garemoebebi 6. momCivani b-ni Salva mgelaZe daibada 1933 wels da cxovrobs qalaq TbilisSi. 7. pirvel meuRlesTan ganqorwinebis Semdeg igi TbilisSi, dedasTan erTad mSoblebis sacxovrebel binaSi cxovrobda. ganmcxadeblis TqmiT, 1975 wels dedamisma Tavisi ori gauTxovari dis TxovniT gayida es bina da vaJTan erTad sacxovreblad maTTan gadavida. 8. ganmcxadeblis erT-erTi deida (SemdgomSi `deida") 1963 wlidan iyo binaTmSeneblobis kooperativis wevri (SemdgomSi `kooperativi") da flobda sacxovrebel binas (SemdgomSi `bina"), romlis mSeneblobis Rirebulebas (SemdgomSi `Sesatani") igi aRniSnul kooperativs uxdida. ganmcxadeblis dedam, debTan binaSi sacxovreblad gadasvlisas, ganmcxadeblis mtkicebiT, gayiduli binis Rirebulebis mesamedi gadaixada binis mSeneblobisaTvis kuTvnili sapaio gadasaxadis gadaxdaSi monawileoba rom mieRo. manamade man uari saCivara Tavis wil memkvidreobaze sakuTari dis, ganmcxadeblis deidis sasargeblod, raTa mas sofelSi mamiseuli saxlis gayidviT miRebuli TanxiT SeZleboda kooperativSi SesvlisaTvis saWiro Senatanis gadaxda. 9. momCivanma warmoadgina araerTi oficialuri dokumenti, romlebic adasturebdnen, rom zemoxsenebuli soflis saxli 1962 wels gaiyida, xolo 1963 w. 4 aprils deida kooperativis wevri gaxda. 10. 1975 w. 2 agvistos oqmis Tanaxmad, kooperativis gamgeobis sabWom momCivansa da mis dedas kooperativis binaSi cxovrebis ufleba misca. am nebarTvis Semdeg ganmcxadeblisa da dedamisis zemoaRniSnul kooperatiuli binis misamarTze registracia unda ganxorcielebuliyo Sinagan saqmeTa saministros Sesabamisi samsaxurebis mier. 11. momCivani amtkicebs, rom icxovra ra 22 weli zemoxsenebul sacxovrebel binaSi xelfasis naxevriT mas Sehqonda Tavisi wili Sesatanisa Tu sxva saxis gadasaxadebis gadaxdaSi. 12. 1987 wels gardaicvala erT-erTi deida, romelic ar iyo kooperativis wevri. 13. kooperativis mier 1993 w. 8 maiss gacemuli cnobiT ("forma #1") dasturdeba, rom momCivani dedasTan erTad aRniSnul kooperatiul binaSi cxovrobdnen da deidis "ojaxis wevrebis" statusi hqondaT. 14. Sesatanis mTlianad dafarvis Semdeg, 1993 w. 18 maiss deidam gaaforma xelSekruleba kooperativTan binis privatizebis Sesaxeb da imave dRes daamowmebina igi notariuss. 15. 1993 w. 10 ivliss deidam sxva notariusTan gaaforma anderZi, romlis Tanaxmadac, misi gardacvalebis Semdeg privatizebuli bina gadaecemoda ganmcxadeblis dis qaliSvils. 16. 1995 wels gardaicvala ganmcxadeblis deda, 1996 w. maisis Tvis bolos ganmcxadeblis dam da misma meuRlem gadawyvites, rom deida TavisTan gadaeyvanaT. 17. 1996 w. 1 aprils momCivanma misca disSvils binaSi Caweris neba. marTlac, 1996 w. 20 agvistos gacemuli forma #1 adasturebs, rom binaSi Cawerili iyvnen momCivani da misi disSvili. 18. 1996 w. 5 aprils deida saavadmyofoSi gardaicvala. misi dakrZalvis dRes, 1996 w. 9 aprils, momCivanma dakarga Tavisi binis gasaRebi. man sTxova das, rom eTxovebina meore gasaRebi, razec uari miiRo. 19. 1996 w. 5 agvistos, momCivanma Tavisi disSvilis winaaRmdeg saCiveri Seitana. igi iTxovda 1993 w. 18 maisis privatizaciis xelSekrulebisa da 1993 w. 10 ivlisis anderZis ukanonod cnobas, sacxovrebeli binis naxevar nawilTan mimarTebiT. igi Tavis wil qonebaze misi, rogorc mesakuTris uflebebis aRdgenas iTxovda. 20. garda amisa, momCivani moiTxovda sadavo binaze yadaRis dadebasa da sasamarTlo procesis dasrulebamde mowinaaRmdege mxarisaTvis biniT sargeblobis uflebis akrZalvas. 1996 w. 29 agvistos Tbilisis vake- saburTalos pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom daakmayofila es moTxovna, magram 1996 w. 29 noembers man gaauqma wina gadawyvetileba da ganmcxadeblis disSvils, rogorc memkvidres, gasxvisebis uflebis gareSe misca qonebiT srulad sargeblobis ufleba. 21. 1998 w. 3 noembers, imave sasamarTlom gamoitana gadawyvetileba, mxareTa gamoucxadeblobis gamo, saqmis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb. momCivani irwmuneba, rom igi arasodes yofila gamoZaxebuli. 22. 1998 w. 30 noembers momCivanma Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTloSi gaasaCivra yadaRis gauqmebis faqti. igi iTxovda, rom 1996 w. 29 agvistos gadawyvetileba pirvandeli saxiT aRdgeniliyo. 23. es saCivari, romelic gansaxilvelad gadaeca mosamarTle g. T. � s, daikarga. 1998 w. 16 dekembers momCivanma daaregistrira misi asli sasamarTlos kancelariaSi. 24. aRniSnuli saCivris sfuZvelze, romelic eWvqveS ayenebda 1996 w. noembris sasamarTlo dadgenilebas da ayenebda axali gadawyvetilebis miRebis sakiTxs, sasamarTlos Tavmjdomarem SecdomiT warudgina imave sasamarTlos prezidiums, rogorc protesti 1998 w. 3 noembris gadawyvetilebis gadasinjvis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlos TavmjdomarisTvis es saCivari moamzada batonma g.T.-m. 25. 1999 w. 21 ianvars, Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos prezidiumma daakmayofila sasamarTlos Tavmdomaris Txovna da gaauqma 1998 w. 3 noembris gadawyvetileba. 26. pirvel instanciaSi axali procesis dros, momCivani amtkicebda, rom deidasa da kooperativs Soris dadebuli privatizaciis xelSekruleba ukanono iyo, radganac igi arRvevda ministrTa sabWos 1992 w. 1 Tebervlis #107 dadgenilebas, (`1992 w. dadgenileba") da dadebuli iyo ojaxis sxva srulwlovan wevrebTan (Tavad masTan da mis dedasTan) SeuTanxmeblad. momCivani amtkicebda, rom binis Sesatani dafaruli iqna misi da dedamisis monawileobiT da deidas ar hqonda qonebis srulad da erTpirovnulad gankargvis ufleba. kooperativis sakuTrebaze Tanabaruflebianobis principis Sesabamisad, dedisa da deidebis gardacvalebis Semdeg, igi gaxldaT binis naxevari wilis mesakuTre da deidas ufleba ar hqonda, Tavis memkvidreobad mieCnia saerTo qonebis es nawili. momCivani agreTve moiTxovda binaSi darCenili misi moZravi qonebis, piradi nivTebisa da disertaciis dabrunebas. 27. disSvilma saCivara, rom 1975 wels ganmcxadeblis binaSi Caweris aqti fiqtiuri iyo, radgan dedamisis mier mSoblebis saxlis gayidvis Semdeg, (ix. �7) momCivans surda TbilisSi macxovrebelad oficialurad daregistrirebuliyo, ganmcxadeblis disSvili moiTxovda Tavisi memkvidreobis uflebis cnobas mTels uZrav qonebaze. amasTanave, man saCivara, rom igi ZmasTan erTad eswreboda notariusTan anderZze xelmoweris proceduras. amis sapasuxod momCivanma sasamarTlos yuradReba miapyro im faqts, rom rogorc Zveli, ise axali samoqalaqo kodeqsis Sesabamisad anderZze xelmoweris dros dainteresebuli pirebis daswreba ikrZaleboda. 28. 1999 w. 24 marts, Tbilisis vake-saburTalos raionis pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom ar daakmayofila ganmcxadeblis moTxovna. man daadgina, rom momCivani realurad cxovrobda binaSi 1975�1980 wlebSi da rom piradad igi arasodes yofila kooperativis wevri. momCivans ar warmoudgenia Tanxis gadaxdaSi misi monawileobis, arc dedamisis mier gayiduli binis Rirebulebis mesamedis debisTvis gadaricxvis faqtis damadasturebeli raime saxis mtkicebuleba, man ver daasabuTa agreTve, rom adre dedamisma uari Tqva Tavis wil memkvidreobaze debis sasargeblod. ganmcxadeblis meore meuRlis mosmenis Semdeg, sasamarTlom daadgina, rom momCivani cxovrobda am ukanasknelis binaSi, am faqts adasturebs agreTve Sesabamisi forma 1. 29. rac Seexeba privatizebisaTvis saWiro ojaxis danarCeni srulwlovani wevrebis Tanxmobas, sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom amis aucilebloba gauqmebulia 1994 w. 5 agvistos dadgenilebiT da CaTvala, rom Sesabamisad, 1993 w. 18 maisis privatizaciis xelSekruleba ar ewinaaRmdegeboda 1992 w. dadgenilebas. notariusma daudastura sasamarTlos, rom man gaaforma privatizaciis xelSekruleba ojaxis wevrebis Tanxmobis gareSe iusticiis saministros TanamSromelis sityvieri ganmartebis safuZvelze, romlis Tanaxmadac saWiro iyo mxolod meuRlis Tanxmoba. Nnotariusi amtkicebs, rom man kanonis moTxovnaTa sruli dacviT, imoqmeda vinaidan 1993 w. 18 maiss deidam mTlianad dafara Tanxa da amasTan igi qorwinebaSi ar imyofeboda. 30. zemoTmoyvanil mtkicebulebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT da imis gamo, rom deida kooperativis wevri da mSeneblobis RirebulebisaTvis gansazRvruli Sesatani Tanxis erTaderTi gadamxdeli iyo, sasamarTlom daadgina, rom privatizaciis xelSekruleba da notariusis Sesabamisi mowmoba sruliad kanonieri iyo. 31. sasamarTlom daadgina, rom binaSi darCenili moZravi qoneba da piradi nivTebi (sawoli oTaxis aveji, bufeti, xaliCa, eleqtrosaparsi, WurWeli da wignebi), agreTve sadoqtoro disertacia dabruneboda momCivans. 32. mxareebma gaasaCivres aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba. 33. imavdroulad momCivanma saCivari Seitana iusticiis ministris saxelze 1993 w. 18 maisis sanotaro moqmedebis ganmaxorcielebeli notariusis winaaRmdeg. 1999 w. 15 ivniss misi gamoZaxebis Semdeg ministrma notariusis saqme gadaugzavna notariusTa kolegias. 1999 w. 16 ivliss kolegiis disciplinarulma komisiam sayveduri gamoucxada notariuss ojaxis danarCeni wevrebis Tanxmobis gareSe binis privatizaciis xelSekrulebis gaformebis gamo. 34. 1999 w. 29 ivniss, Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlom gaauqma 1999 w. 24 martis gadawyvetileba da saqmis xelaxali ganxilvis safuZvelze ukanonod scno 1993 w. 18 maisis privatizaciis xelSekruleba, iseve, rogorc 1993 w. 10 ivlisis notariusis mowmoba, vinaidan isini exeboda uZravi qonebis naxevar nawils. binaSi darCenil TivTebTan dakavSirebiT ki saqme gadagzavnili iqna xelaxala gansaxilvelad. 35. saapelacio sasamarTlom Semdegnairad daasabuTa Tavisi gadawyvetileba: man xazi gausva, rom im dros moqmedi 1992 w. brZanebulebis me-10 muxlisa da mis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT iusticiis saministros mier gakeTebuli komentarebis me-8 muxlis Sesabamisad, kooperativis wevrs SeeZlo Tavisi binis privatizeba mas Semdeg, rac srulad dafaravda binis Tanxas da miiRebda ojaxis yvela srulwlovani wevris werilobiT Tanxmobas. sasamarTlom daadgina, rom radgan modave mxareebi oficialurad iyvnen Cawerilebi sadavo binaSi, rasac adasturebs 1993 w. 8 maisis forma # 1, momCivani da dedamisi, deidasTan erTad, warmoadgendnen erT ojaxs da hqondaT misi ojaxis wevrebis statusi. amdenad, qonebis privatizaciis dros saWiro iyo maTi werilobiTi Tanxmobac. msgavsi Tanxmobis ararsebobis gamo sasamarTlom daadgina, rom privatizaciis xelSekrulebas ar hqonda iuridiuli Zala (axali samoqalaqo kodeqsis 59-e muxlis 1-li punqti). sasamarTlom aRniSna agreTve, rom ojaxis sxva wevrebis gardacvalebis Semdeg deida da momCivani flobdnen sakuTrebis erTnairi uflebas sadavo binaze da deidas mesame pirze qonebis gasxvisebis ufleba ar hqonda. 36. ganmcxadeblis disSvilma sakasacio wesiT gaasaCivra zemoxsenebuli gadawyvetileba. saqmis arsebiT mxareze pasuxis gacemis paralelurad, momCivanma moiTxova mowinaaRmdege mxaris advokat Bbaton g.T. -s acileba im motiviT, rom es pirovneba adre, 1998 w. dekemberSi mosamarTled yofnisas icnobda am saqmes, (ix. �� 23 da 24). batonma g.T.-m daadastura, rom igi adre namdvilad gaecno aRniSnul saqmes, magram axla, rodesac ar iyo mosamarTle, moqmedi kanonmdebloba ar ukrZalavda mas advokatobas da mowinaaRmdege mxaris warmomadgenlobas. 37. 1999 w. 27 seqtembers, axali samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 95-e muxlis safuZvelze uzenaesma sasamarTlom usafuZvlobis gamo ar daakmayofila mopasuxe mxaris warmomadgenlis acilebis moTxovna. imave dRes man gaauqma 1999 w. 29 ivnisis gadawyvetileba sacxovrebeli binis gasxvisebis nawilSi da saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad daabruna. xolo dadgenilebis is nawili, romelic exeboda pirad nivTebs, ZalaSi datova. uzenaesma sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom saapelacio sasamarTlos ar miuTiTebia mizezebi, ris gamoc man gamoiyena axali samoqalaqo kodeqsi im davasTan mimarTebiT, romelic am kodeqsis ZalaSi Sesvlamde momxdar faqtebs exeboda, privatizaciis ukanonod cnobisas saapelacio sasamarTls ar daudgenia agreTve mesakuTris vinaoba. 38. ganmcxadeblis moTxovniT, batoni g.T. eswreboda mxolod erT sxdomas. man uari Tqva Semdgom procesSi monawileobaze. 39. momCivanma warudgina saapelacio sasamarTlos iusticiis ministris 1998 w. 27 martisa da saxalxo damcvelis 1998 w. 31 martis werilebi, romelTa Tanaxmadac 1994 w. 5 agvistomde, 1992 w. dadgenileba moiTxovda ojaxis srulwlovani wevrebis werilobiT Tanxmobas binis privatizaciasTan dakavSirebiT. momCivanma agreTve warmoadgina notariusTa kolegiis werili (TariRi ar ikiTxeba), romelic ganmartavda Tanxmobis saWiroebas iusticiis saministros zemoxsenebul komentarebze dayrdnobiT. 40. ganmcxadeblis disSvilma miuTiTa saqmeze TandarTul dokumentebze, raTa daemtkicebina, rom momCivans sadavo binaze raime ufleba ar hqonda. KkerZod, man warmoadgina 1965 w. 15 Tebervlis qviTari, romelic adasturebda deidis mier kooperativisaTvis 3.648 sabWoTa rublis gadaxdas. amasTan 55 sxva sabanko qviTris mixedviT dasturdeboda imave pirovnebis mier mSeneblobis RirebulebisaTvis saWiro Tanxis gadaxdis faqtebi. ganmcxadeblis disSvilma amasTanave saCivara, rom 1982 wels misi biZa xelmeored daqorwinda da 1986 wels sabolood datova bina, ris dasamowmebladac mopasuxe daeyrdno mezoblebis Cvenebebs. amas garda, man aRniSna, rom ganmcxadeblisaTvis gadasacemi piradi nivTebi ar inaxeboda binaSi da qveda instanciis sasamarTlos arc am qonebis arseboba da arc Rirebuleba ar daudgenia. 41. 2000 w. 15 marts saapelacio sasamarTlom ar daakmayofila ganmcxadeblis saCivari. man daadgina, rom Sesatani mTliad dafaruli iqna deidis mier. momCivans ar warmoudgenia Sesabamisi dokumentebi imis dasamtkiceblad, rom is da misi deda monawileobdnen kooperativisaTvis binis mSeneblobisaTvis saWiro Tanxis gadaxdaSi. amgvarad, 1992 w. dadgenilebis me-10 muxlis Sesabamisad, deidam moipova ufleba, yofiliyo qonebis erTaderTi mesakuTre, Tavisuflad ganekarga da mesame pirisTvis gadaeca igi. binaSi darCenil qonebasTan dakavSirebuli dava sasamarTlom ar gadaWra, miuTiTa ra, rom saqmis es nawili daubrunebuliyo pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi xelaxali ganxilvisaTis. (ix. �34). 42. 2000 w. 1 dekembers, uzenaesma sasamarTlom ucvlelad datova saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba daadgina ra rom im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu iusticiis saministros komentarebis me-8 muxli, romelic 1992 w. 1 Tebervlis dadgenilebis ganmartebas warmoadgenda da ojaxis srulwlovani wevrebis Tanxmobas moiTxovda ar SeiZleboda miCneuliyo TviT am dadgenilebaze upiratesi iuridiuli Zalis mqoned. Sesabamisad, interpretacia, romelic am dadgenilebis safuZvelze moaxdina saapelacio sasamarTlom sruliad marTebuli iyo. II. Sesabamisi Sida kanonmdebloba 43. saqarTvelos respublikis ministrTa kabinetis 1992 w. 1 Tebervlis dadgenileba Preambula `saqarTvelos respublikis (...) saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi sabinao fondis moqalaqeTavis sakuTrebaSi gadacemis (...) mizniT saqarTvelos respublikis ministrTa kabineti adgens~: muxli 1 `saqarTvelos respublikaSi binebis privatizacia warmoadgens moqalaqeTaTvis saxelmwifo da sazogadoebriv sabinao fondSi maT mier dakavebuli sacxovrebeli saxlis (binis) nebayoflobiTi SeRavaTiani pirobebiT sakuTrebaSi usasyidlod gadacemas~ muxli 2 `1. privatizaciis obieqti SeiZleba iyos saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi fondis sacxovrebeli saxli (bina). 2. (..) moqalaqes mis mier dakavebuli sacxovrebeli saxli (bina) gadaecama mxolod ojaxis yvela srulwlovani wevris TanxmobiT. sacxovrebeli saxli (bina) maTi survilisamebr SeiZleba gadaeces maT saerTo sakuTrebaSi. 3. ojaxSi mcxovreb srulwlovan wevrTa Tanxmoba savaldebuloa damowmebuli iyos sanotaro wesiT~. ukanaskneli punqti gauqmebul iqna ministrTa kabinetis 1994 w. 5 agvistos #520 dadgenilebiT. muxli 10 `sabinao-samSeneblo kooperativis wevri, romelmac mTlianad gadaixada sacxovrebeli binis Rirebuleba, iTvleba binis mesakuTred, ris Sesaxebac ideba xelSekruleba sabinao-samSeneblo kooperativis mepaiesa da gamgeobas Soris, rac dasturdeba sanotaro wesiT (..)~. ministrTa kabinetis 1993 w. 5 ivlisis N 519 dadgenilebiT sabinaosamSeneblo kooperativebis binebis kerZo sakuTrebaSi gadacemis Taobaze, saxelmwifom uari saCivara sabWoTa periodSi kooperativebisadmi mikuTvnebul kreditebze. miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba am binebis kerZo sakuTrebaSi usasyidlod gadacemis Sesaxeb kooperativis im wevrebze, romelTac srulad ar hqondaT gadaxdili binis mSeneblobisaTvis gansazRvruli Sesatani. ministrTa kabinetis 1994 w. 5 agvistos zemoT miTiTebuli 520 dadgenilebiT me-10 muxli gauqmebul iqna. muxli 11 `sacxovrebeli saxlis (binis) moqalaqis sakuTrebaSi gadacemasTan dakavSirebuli dava ganixileba sasamarTlo wesiT~. 44. saqarTvelos respublikis iusticiis saministros komentarebi 1992 w. 1 Tebervlis N 107 dadgenilebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT muxli 2 `dadgenilebis meore punqtis mixedviT ojaxis wevrad iTvleba damqiravebelTan erTad mudmivad mcxovrebi damqiraveblis meuRle, maTi Svilebi da mSoblebi, agreTve sxva naTesavebi da Sromis uunaro kmayofaze myofi pirebi, Tu isini mudmivad cxovroben damqiravebelTan da masTan eraTad ewevian saerTo meurneobas." muxli 8 `dadgenilebis me-10 punqtis Sesabamisad, sabinao-samSeneblo kooperativis wevri, romelmac, mTlianad gadaixada sacxovrebeli binis Rirebuleba, iTvleba binis mesakuTred. sakuTrebis damadasturebeli dokumentis misaRebad moqalaqe (mepaie) gancxadebiT mimarTevs sabinaosamSeneblo kooperativis gamgeobas, gancxadebasTan erTad warudgens sanotaro wesiT damowmebul ojaxis srulwlovan wevrTa Tanxmobebs. ris Semdegac kooperativis gamgeobasa da mepaies Soris ideba sacxovrebeli binis sakuTrebaSi gadacemis xelSekruleba. xelSekruleba dadasturdeba sanotaro wesiT ...~ 45. axali samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi, romelic ZalaSi 1999 w. 15 maiss Sevida muxli 95 `sasamarTloSi warmomadgenlebad ar SeiZleba iyvnen mosamarTle , gamomZieb eli da prokurori, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac isini procesSi gamodian mSoblebad (mSvileblebad), meurveebad, mzrunvelebad an Sesabamisi organos warmomadgenlebad~. muxli 412$2 `Tu sakasacio sasamarTlo gansxvavebuli samarTlebr ivi Sefaseb is safuZvelze auqmebs gadawyvetilebas, igi saqmes xelaxla gansaxilvelad abrunebs saapelacio sasamarTloSi miuTiTebs ra im faqtobriv gareboebebs, romlebTan dakavSirebiTacsaWiroa mtkicebulebaTa damatebiTi gamokvleva da yvela im sxva saproceso moqmedebas, rac unda Seasrulos saapelacio sasamarTlom~. 46. 1980 w. debuleba advokatis Sesaxeb moqmedi 2001 w. 20 ivnisamde muxli 16 ` (...) advokats ara aqvs ufleba ganaxorcielos dacvis funqcia, im pirisa, romlis saqmesac igi manmade icnobda, rogorc mosamarTle, prokurori, gamomZiebeli, momkvlevi, eqsperti, specialusti, Tarjimani an mowme~ samarTali 1. konvenciis me-6 muxlis savaraudo darRvevis Sesaxeb 47. momCivani Civis, rom saapelacio da uzenaesma sasamarTloebma 2000 w. 15 martisa da 1 dekembris gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas sruliad ugulebelyves Sida kanonmdebloba, romelic qveyanaSi moqmedebda privatizaciis xelSekrulebis xelmoweris periodSi, iseve, rogorc is sami oficialuri dokumenti, romliTac dasturdeboda, rom sadavo notariul aqtSi ar iyo gaTvliswinebuli 1992 w. dadgenilebis moTxovnebi (ix. zemoT �39). Tvlis ra, rom am sasamarTlo organoebma saSualeba misces mowinaaRmdege mxares esargebla am dadgenilebis mcdari interpretaciiT, momCivani, amas garda, amtkicebs, rom 2000 w. 15 marts saapelacio sasamarTlom davis xelaxali ganxilva TviTneburad warmarTa im punqtebis Taobaze, romlebic ar warmoadgenda saqmis misTvis gadagzavnis safuZvels. momCivani aseve aprotestebs im faqts, rom uzenaesma sasamarTlom ar daakmayofila mopasuxe mxaris im advokatis acilebis moTxovna, romelic manmde mosamarTlis statusiT gaecno misi saqmis masalebs. me-6 muxlis Sesabamisi debulebebi Semdegi saxiT aris Camoyalibebuli: "samoqalaqo uflebaTa da movaleobaTa gansazRvrisas an wardgenili nebismieri sisxlissamarTlebrivi braldebis safuZvlianobis gamorkvevisas yvelas aqvs misi saqmis samarTliani (...) ganxilvis ufleba (...) sasamarTlos mier (...)". a. dasaSveboba 48. mTavroba Tvlis, rom zemoT CamoTvlili pretenziebi usafuZvloa. 49. mxareTa yvela argumentis gaTvaliswinebiT sasamarTlos ar miaCnia, rom ganmcxadeblis es pretenziebi aSkarad usafuZvloa an rom isini Seicavs raime sxva problemas saCivaris daSvebis TvalsazrisiT. Sesabamisad, marTebulia maTi gamocxadeba daSvebulad.D b. arsebiTi mxare 1. ganmcxadeblis moTxovnebis faqtobrivi ganxilvis Sesaxeb a) mxareTa argumentebi 50. mTavrobis mtkicebiT, binaTmSeneblobis kooperativebTan mimarTebiT 1992 w. dadgenileba ar iTxovda ojaxis wevrebis Tanxmobas imisaTvis, rom piri, romelmac gadaricxa Sesatani, gamxdariyo qonebis mesakuTre. amgvari Tanxmoba aucilebeli iyo mxolod saxelmwifo da sazogadoebriv fondebSi arsebuli binebis privatizaciis SemTxvevaSi. mTavrobis azriT, es meqanizmi absoluturad logikuri iyo imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom kooperativis yoveli wevri regularulad ixdida Tanxebs Tavisi binis aSenebis xarjebis dafarvisa da misi sakuTrebaSi miRebis mizniT. maSin, rodesac saxelmwifo da sazogadoebriv fondebSi arsebuli binebis macxovreblebi iyvnen ubralod damqiraveblebi saxelmwifos winaSe. aqedan gamomdinare, kooperativebis SemTxvevaSi piri, romelmac Sesatans gadaixada, xdeboda mesakuTre, xolo damqiraveblebis ojaxis wevrebis Tanxmoba aucilebeli iyo binis individualuri Tu koleqtiuri privatizebisas. 51. mocemul saqmeSi sadavo bina ekuTvnoda kooperativs da Sesabamisi Sesatani srulad iqna gadaxdili ganmcxadeblis deidis mier. vinaidan momCivanma ver daamtkica, rom is dedasTn erTad monawileobda am Tanxis gadaxdaSi, qveynis sasamarTlo organoebma samarTlianad daaskvnes, rom momCivans ar hqonda ufleba eWvqvveS daeyenebina privatizaciis xelSekrulebis kanoniereba. iusticiis saministros sadavo komentarebTan dakavSirebiT, mTavroba amtkicebs, rom aq saqme ar exeboda kanonis im normebs, romelTa gamoyenebac evaleboda qveynis sasamarTlo organoebs. dasasarul, mTavroba xazs usvams, rom ganmcxadeblis argumenetebi yuradRebiT iqna ganxiluli SejibrebiTobisa da mxareTa Tanasworobis principebis dacviT. 52. sapasuxod, momCivani svams kiTxvas: ra mizezebis safuZvelze gaakeTa iusticiis saministrom zemoT miTiTebuli sadavo komentarebi, Tu isini 1992 w. dadgenilebis gamoyenebisas ar unda yofiliyo mxedvelobaSi miRebuli. momCivani gakvirvebas gamoxatavs aseve im ganmartebebis gamo, romelic miTiTebulia iusticiis saministros 1998 w. 27 martis, respublikis saxalxo damcvelis 1998 w. 31 martis da notariusTa palatis werilebSi. misTvis gaugebaria, notariusTa palatam ratom gamoucxada notariuss sayveduri maSin, rodesac, mTavrobis mtkicebiT, man sadavo sanotaro moqmedeba kanonis moTxovnaTa sruli dacviT ganaxorciela. 53. amas garda. momCivani aRniSnavs, rom man qveynis sasamarTlo organoebs warudgina deidebis mier sofelSi mamiseuli saxlis gayidvis damadasturebeli sabuTebi da amtkicebda, rom saxlis gayidvisa da deidis mier kooperativSi gawevrianeba faqti erTmaneTs emTxveoda. igi xazs usvams, rom man da dedamisma, deidebTan gadasvlamde, TbilisSi TavianTi binis gayidviT miRebuli Tanxis nawili Seitanes kooperativis wilSi. b) sasamarTlos Sefaseba 54. sasamarTlo imTaviTve aRniSnavs, rom binaSi Caweris instituti sabWoTa mmarTvelobis dros miRebuli is praqtika iyo, romelic uZrav qonebaze sakuTrebis uflebis miniWebas ar ganapirobebda. amasTan, aseTi ufleba im epoqaSi TiTqmis ar arsebobda. amas garda binaSi Cawerili macxovreblebis Tanxmoba aucilebeli iyo imisaTvis, rom pirs sacxovrebeli adgilis registracia imave binis misamarTze ganxorcielebi. faqtobrivad, erT binaSi oficialurad Caweril pirebs sxva binaSi cxovrebisas xels arafeli uSlida. 55. mocemuli saqmis masalebis mixedviT, ganmcxadeblis deida iyo kooperativis erTaderTi wevri da, Sesabamisad, binis mSeneblobisaTvis Sesatani Tanxis oficialuri gadamxdeli. am faqts momCivani ar asaCivrebs. is aprotestebs qveynis sasamarTlo organoebis daskvnebs, romlis Tanaxmadac deida erTaderTi piria, romelmac srulad gadaixada mTeli wili, raTa gamxdariyo qonebis erTaderTi mesakuTre da gadaeca igi mesame pirisTvis. 56. sasamarTlo miuTiTebs, rom mesame piri, romelsac deidam sacxovrebeli bina anderZiT gadasca misi dis, ganmcxadeblis dedis, SviliSvili iyo. 1993 w. 18 maiss, privatizaciis xelSekrulebis xelmoweris momentSi ganmcxadeblis deda cocxali iyo da, rogorc Cans, sadavo binaSi cxovrobda. amrigad, Tu vivaraudebT, rom man sakuTari binis gayidviT miRebuli Tanxis nawiliT gadaixada Sesatani da uari Tqva memkvidreobis Tavis wilze deidis (sakuTari dis) sasargeblod (ix. zemoT �� 7 da 8), mas SeeZlo pirvel rigSi, momCivanze adre, gaewia winaaRmdegoba imisaTvis, rom deida qonebis erTaderTi mesakuTre gaxda. Tumca, saqmis masalebSi ar Cans, rom ganmcxadeblis dedas gardacvalebamde_1995 wlamde, privatizaciis xelSekrulebis kanoniereba sadavod gaexada da winaaRmdegoba gaewia im faqtisaTvis rom mis das bina mTlianad eanderZebina misi SviliSvilisaTvis misive vaJis, ganmcxadeblis, sazianod. Tumca, mas SeeZlo gaekeTebina es 1992 w. dadgenilebis me-11 muxlze dayrdnobiT (ix. zemoT �43). am SemTxvevaSi momCivani saTanadod veRar daasabuTebda Tavis sakuTrebis uflebas binis erT nawilze im motiviT, rom dedamisma, TiTqosda, gadaixada Sesatani Tanxis nawili (ix. zemoT �19). 57. rac Seexeba Sesatani Tanxis dafarvaSi sakuTriv mis monawileobas, momCivanma, rogorc qveynis sasamarTlo organoebis winaSe, ise amJamadac ver warmoadgina am argumentis damadasturebeli raime dokumentacia. 58. sasamarTlo miuTiTebs, rom 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi qveynis xelisuflebis organoebs Soris iyo azrTa mniSvnelovani sxvadasxvaoba kooperativebisadmi kuTvnili binebis privatizaciis SemTxvevaSi ojaxis zrdasruli wevrebis mxridan Tanxmobis aucileblobis Taobaze (ix. zemoT �� 33, 39, 41, 42 da 44). sasamarTlos esmis, rom momCivanma didi imedgacrueba ganicada sasamarTlos mier gakeTebuli 1992 w. dadgenilebis me-10 muxlis interpretaciis gamo, romelic diametralurad gansxvavdeboda administraciuli organoebis mier SemoTavazebuli interpretaciisagan. meores mxriv, sasamarTlosTvis gaugebaria vakis raionis pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos msjeloba, romlis Tanaxmadac 1993 w. 18 maisis privatizacia, ukuqmedebis ZaliT, Seesabameboda 1992 w. dadgenilebas, 1994 w. 5 agvistos zemoaRniSnuli me10 muxlis gauqmebis gaTvaliswinebiT (ix. zemoT � 43). 59. amasTanave, sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom 1992 w. dadgenilebis preambulasa da 1-li muxlSi sakmarisad naTlad iyo gansazRvruli am teqstis gamoyenebis are, ufro konkretulad ki, ojaxis srulwlovan wevrTa Tanxmobis aucilebloba, rac aRniSnulia dadgenilebis me-2 muxlSi. aq aseve erTmniSvnelovnad iyo miTiTebuli, rom es aucilebloba exeboda saxelmwifo da sazogadoebriv fondebSi arsebuli binebis privatizacias (ix. zemoT �43). rac Seexeba me-10 muxls, zemoT naxsenebi dapirispirebis mizezs, es muxli yovelgvari orazrovnebis gareSe sakuTrebis uflebas aniWebs sabinao kooperativebis wevrebs, romelTac srulad gadaixades Sesatani. am mizniT ojaxis wevrebis mxridan Tanxmobis mopovebis aucileblobaze iq araferia naTqvami. 60. am pirobebSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxolod ivaraudos, rom administraciuli organoebis mier me-10 muxlisaTvis micemuli interpretacia iqidan gamomdinareobda, rom kooperatiul binebTan dakavSirebuli es debuleba CarTuli iyo im dadgenilebaSi, romelic exeboda saxelmwifo da sazogadoebriv fondSi arsebul binebsa da maT mobinadreebs, saxelmwifos damqiraveblebs. saxelmwifos sasamarTlo organoebma am bundovanebis ganmartebisas aRniSnuli dadgenilebis terminebs logikuri interpretacia misces, romelic, sasamarTlos azriT, wina muxlSi miTiTebuli mizezebis gamo srulebiT ar aris safuZvels moklebuli. is faqti, rom es interpretacia gansxvavdeba imisagan, romelsac momCivani isurvebda, ver CaiTvleba konvenciis me-6 muxlis sawinaaRmdegod. 61. am debulebis Sesabamisad, mniSvnelovani iyo, rom privatizaciis xelSekrulebis kanonierebis eWvqveS dayenebis usafuvZlobis Sesaxeb daskvnis gamotanamde, qveynis sasamarTlo organoebs ganexilaT ganmcxadeblis mier SemoTavazebuli mtkicebulebebi da argumentebi, maT Soris isini, romelTa mixedviTac aRniSnuli piri monawileobda Sesatanis gadaxdaSi da rom misi Tanxmoba aucilebeli iyo binis privatizebisaTvis. 62. imdenad, ramdenadac es daskvna arc aSkarad mcdaria (Sdr. a contrario, Donadz� c. G�orgie, NN 74644/01, �32, 2006 w. 7 marti) da arc Segnebulad damaxinjebuli, sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia imoqmedos, rogorc meoTxe instanciis organom, raTa Tavad Seafasos faqtiuri garmoebebi, romelTa safuZvelzec sakasacio da uzenaesma sasamarTloebma miiRes swored es da ara gansxvavebuli gadawyvetileba (ix. sxva wyaroebs Soris, Rotaru c. Roumanie [GC], N 28341/95, � 53, CEDH 2000-V; Kopp c. Suisse, 1998 w. 25 martis dadgenileba, gadawyvetilebaTa da gadawyvetilebaTa krebuli 1998-II, �59). winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, is daarRvevda Tavisi kompetenciis farglebs (Contal c.France, (d�c.) N 67603/01, 2000 w. 3 seqtemberi). 63. sxvaTa Soris, saqmeSi ar Cans, rom miRebuli daskvnisa (ix. zemoT �61) da batoni g.T-s acilebaze uaris (ix. qvemoT, 68-e da Semdgomi punqtebi) garda, momCivani adanaSaulebs qveynis sasamarTlo organoebs, rom maT Caayenes mowinaaRmdeg mxare aSkarad privilegirebul mdgomareobaSi (Dombo Beheer B.V. c. Pays-Bas, 1993 w. 27 oqtombris dadgenileba, seria A N 274, gv.19, �33). 64. rac Seexeba ganmcxadeblis 2000 w. 15 martis Cvenebas, romlis Tanaxmadac saapelacio sasamarTlom ukanonod ganixila saqme ultra petita, sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom uzenaesma sasamarTlom mTlianobaSi gaauqma wina saapelacio dadgenilebis is nawili, romelic binas ukavSirdeboda. igi miuTiTebs, rom arc axali samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 412-e muxlis me-2 punqtiT, arc am kodeqsis arc erTi debulebiT saapelacio wesiT saqmis xelaxali ganxilva ar Semoifargleba mxolod uzenaesi sasamarTlos mier dadgenili Secdomebis ubralo gasworebiT (ix. zemoT, �� 37 da 45). 65. zemoT aRniSnuli mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom 2000 w. 15 martsa da 1 dekembers qveynis sasamarTlo organoebma yuradRebiT mousmines momCivans da Sesabamisad askvnis, rom am safuZvelze mis mimarT konvenciis me-6 muxlis darRvevas adgili ar hqonia. 2. batoni g. T-s monawileoba procesSi a) mxareTa argumentebi 66. mTavroba pirvel rigSi amtkicebs, rom samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebs advokatis acilebis SesaZleblobas. yovel SemTxvevaSi, uzenaes sasamarTlos, mTavrobis azriT, ar gaaCnda araviTari obieqturi mizezi imis safiqreblad, rom batoni g.T-s, rogorc advokatis, monawileoba procesSi miayenebda zians mxareTa Tanasworobis princips. im faqts, rom es piri adre mosamarTlis rangSi monawileobda procesSi da kargad icnobda saqmes, mTavrobis mtkicebiT, ar mouxdenia gavlena mosamarTleebze, romelTac 1999 w. 27 seqtembers gamoitanes ganmcxadeblisTvis miuRebeli dadgenileba. 67. momCivani ar eTanxmeba am arguments da miaCnia, rom batoni g.T-s monawileobam procesSi mowinaaRmdegesTan SedarebiT araxelsayrel mdgomareobaSi Caayena igi. b) sasamarTlos Sefaseba 68. sasamarTlo Tavidanve aRniSnavs, rom batoni g. T-s monawileoba procesSi ewinaaRmdegeboda movlenebis mimdinareobis periodSi moqmed debulebas advokatis Sesaxeb (ix. zemoT �46). sasamarTlos azriT, am monawileobam warmoSva mniSvnelovani deontologiuri problema. amasTanave, misi azriT, eWvs ar iwvevs is faqti, rom mondomebis naklebobisa da im profesiuli Secdomis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic 1998 wels batonma g. T-m dauSva ganmcxadeblis interesebis sazianod (ix. zemoT, �� 23 da 24), 1999 w. 27 seqtembris sxdomaze misi monawileoba mowinaaRmdege mxaris sasargeblod xelisSemSleli faqtori iyo da ganmcxadeblisTvis warmoadgenda SfoTvis mizezs. sasamarTlo sinanuls gamoTqvams, rom uTxra ra uari momCivans moTxovnaze acilebis Sesaxeb, uzenaes sasamarTlos ar wamouyenebia araviTari argumenti Tavisi uaris dasabuTebisTvis da ar dausaxelebia mizezi, romlis gamoc, misi azriT, batoni g. T-s monawileoba zians ar miayenebda procesis samarTlianobas. amasTanave, Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi uzenaes sasamarTlos araviTari miniSneba ar gaukeTebia Ddebulebaze advokatis Sesaxeb. amas garda, Semoifargla ra imis mtkicebiT, rom eyrdnoboda axali samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 95-e muxls, uzenaesma sasamarTlom ar ganmarta, niSnavda Tu ara is faqti, rom batoni g. T aRar asrulebda mosamarTlis funqciebs imas, rom igi aRar iTvleboda arc magistratad am debulebis mniSvnelobiT (ix. zemoT �37). 69. aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom ganmcxadeblis am pretenziaze gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad, man, upirveles yovlisa, unda gaarkvios, atarebda Tu ara gansaxilveli procedura mTlianobaSi samarTlian xasiaTs (ix. sxva wyaroebs Soris, De Lorenzo c. Italie (d�c), NN 69264/01, 2004 w. 12 Tebervali). am TvalsazrisiT, igi pirvel rigSi aRniSnavs, rom Tavad ganmcxadeblis sityvebiT, batoni g. T erTaderT sxdomaze warsdga uzenaesi sasamarTlos winaSe, Semdeg ki uari ganacxda mowinaaRmdege mxaris dacvaze (ix. zemoT, punqti 38). amrigad, batoni g. Ts roli mTlianad sadavo proceduraSi Zalian SezRuduli iyo. amasTanave, saqmis sakasacio wesiT ganxilviT, romelSic batoni g. T monawileobda, procedura ar dasrulebula. iq miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba saqmis dabrunebis, ganmcxadeblis saCivris arsebiTi ganxilvisa da sakasacio wesiT xelaxali ganxilvis Sesaxeb. 70. am daskvnis garda, sasamarTlo did mniSvnelobas aniWebs im faqts, rom batoni g. T asrulebda advokatis funqcias mas Semdeg, rac gaecno saqmes, rogorc mosamarTle. amrigad, mocemul saqmeSi saubaria ara imaze, rom Sefasdes im mosamarTlis miukerZoebloba, romelmac adre daicva mowinaaRmdege mxare advokatis rangSi, aramed gairkves, sxdomaSi im advokatis monawileobam, romelmac winaswar ganixila saqme, rogorc mosamarTlem, miayena Tu ar ziani procesis samarTlianobas (Sdr. a contrario, Meznaric c. Croatie, N N 71615, �� 34-36, 2005 w. 15 ivlisi). am TvalsazrisiT gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs im faqts, rom Tu batoni g.T warmoadgenda mowinaaRmdege mxares sadavo sxdomaze, sakasacio sasamarTlos mosamarTle inarCunebda Tavisufali arbitris rols, raTa gadaewyvita dava da emoqmeda rogorc mxareTa Soris Tanasworobis garants. momCivans, romelic konvenciis me-6 muxlis safuZvelze gansakuTrebiT akritikebs 2000 w. 15 martisa da 1 dekembris gadawyvetilebebs, arc erTxel ar ganucxadebia, rom 1999 w. 27 seqtembers, sakasacio sasamarTlos mosamarTlem upiratesoba mianiWa im arguments, romelsac icavda batoni g. T., misi yofili kolega, an rom man raime sxva saxiT mianiWa upiratesoba mowinaaRmdege mxares mis sazianod. 71. zemoT CamoTvlili mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu batoni g.T-s monawileoba sadavo procesSi garkveul kritikas imsaxurebs, mas mTlianobaSi procedurisTvis ziani ar miuyenebia. 72. Sesabamisad, am safuZvelze konvenciis me-6 muxlis darRvevas adgili ar hqonia. II. konvenciis me-8 muxlis savaraudo darRveva 73. momCivani Tvlis, rom yadaRis dadebis proceduris CarCoebSi, iseve, rogorc davis arsebiTi ganxilvisas qveynis sasamarTlo organoebma ver daicves misi konvenciis me-8 muxliT garantirebuli sacxovreblis pativiscemis ufleba. es debuleba Semdegnairadaa Camoyalibebuli: "1. yvelas aqvs ufleba, pativi scen mis pirad da ojaxur cxovrebas, mis sacxovrebelsa da mimoweras. 2. dauSvebelia am uflebis ganxorcielebaSi xelisuflebis Careva, garda iseTi SemTxvevisa, rodesac aseTi Careva xorcieldeba kanonis Sesabamisad da aucilebelia demokratiul sazogadoebaSi erovnuli uSiSroebis, sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis an qveynis ekonomikuri keTildReobis interesebisaTvis, uwesrigobis an danaSaulis Tavidan asacileblad, janmrTelobis an moralisa Tu sxvaTa uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dasacavad". 1. mxareTa argumentebi 74. mTavrobas miaCnia, rom ganmcxadeblis es pretenzia dausabuTebelia. pirvel rigSi is aRniSnavs, rom momCivani arasdros yofila sadavo binis mesakuTre. amas garda, igi xazs usvams, rom vakis raionis pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos monacemebiT, momCivani cxovrobda meore meuRlis binaSi (ix. in fine zemoT, �28). 75. sapasuxod momCivani ganmartavs, rom sacxovrebeli ar niSnavs binas, romlis mesakuTrec aris adamiani, aramed adgils, sadac igi cxovrobs. is amtkicebs, rom sadavo bina warmoadgenda mis sacxovrebels welze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi. es rom ase ar yofiliyo, misi Tanxmoba ar iqneboda aucilebeli misi DdisSvilis Caweraze imave binaSi (ix. zemoT, �17). amas garda, momCivani amtkicebs, rom mas arasdros ucxovria meore meuRlis binaSi. amasTanave igi Civis, rom dRemde ar miuwvdeba xeli Tavis pirad nivTebze, wignebsa da avejze. 76. samarTliani dakmayofilebis moTxovnis farglebSi, momCivanma materialuri zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis gasamyareblad axali argumenti warmoadgina. is amtkicebda, rom sadavo binidan misi gamosaxlebis Semdeg igi iZulebuli iyo eqiravebina bina 1996 w. aprilidan 2004 w. dekembramde. amis dasturad man warmoadgina binis mepatronis werili, romelSic igi vadebis miuTiTeblad acxadebs, rom Tavisi binis erTi oTaxi miaqirava momCivans. 77. mTavrobam warmoadgina dokumentebi, romlis Tanaxmadac aRniSnuli mepatrones sagadasaxado samsaxurebi ar icnoben. yovel SemTxvevaSi, momCivanma, mTavrobis mtkicebiT, daiqirava aRniSnuli oTaxi iq kvleviTi samuSaoebis sawarmoeblad da ara sacxovreblad. 78. rac Seexeba ganmcxadeblis pirad nivTebs, mTavroba amtkicebs, rom 1999 w. 27 seqtembers uzenaesma sasamarTlom gamoitana gadawyvetileba maTi dabrunebis Sesaxeb. 3. sasamarTlos Sefaseba 79. sasamarTlo Tavidanve miuTiTebs, rom mas SeuZlia imsjelos mxolod 1999 w. 20 maisis, saqarTvelosTan mimarTebaSi konvenciis ZalaSi Sesvlis TariRis, Semdgom momxdar movlenebze. amrigad, yadaRis dadebis procedura (ix. zemoT ��20-25) sruliad scildeba ratione temporis sasamarTlos kompetencias. Sesabamisad, marTebulia saCivris es nawili gamocxaddes dauSveblad konvenciis 35-e muxlis me-3 da me-4 punqtebis safuZvelze. 80. ramdenadac saCivris darCenili nawili exeba qveynis sasamarTlo organoebis mier miRebul gadawyvetilebebs davis arsebiT mxareze, sasamarTlo miuTiTebs, rom damkvidrebuli praqtikis Tanaxmad, `sacxovreblis~ cneba me-8 muxlis mniSvnelobiT ar Semoifargleba mxolod adgiliT, romelic kanonierad aris dakavebuli an dadgenili, aramed saqme exeba avtonomiur cnebas, romelic ar aris damokidebuli Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi samarTlis interpretaciaze. im sakiTxis garkveva, warmoadgens Tu ara calkeuli bina me-8 muxlis dacvis sferos mikuTvnebul `sacxovrebels", damokidebulia faqtobriv garmeobebze, kerZod, gansazRvrul adgilTan sakmarisi da xangrZlivi kavSiris arsebobaze (Buckley c. RoyaumeUni, 1996 w. 25 seqtembris gadawyvetileba, krebuli 1996-IV, gv. 1287- 1288, �� 52-54; Prokopovitch c. Russie, NN 58255/00, � 36, CEDHDH 2004- XI (amonaridebi). 81. mocemul saqmeSi momCivani amtkicebs, rom sadavo bina warmoadgenda mis sacxovrebels 1975-dan 1996 wlamde. misi mtkicebiT, igi binidan iZulebiT iqna gamosaxlebuli disa da disSvilis mier 1996 wels. am argumentis dasadastureblad momCivans ar warmoudgenia arviTari dokumenti, romelic daamtkicebda, rom is namdvilad cxovrobda am binaSi aRniSnuli drois ganmavlobaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki, daadasturebda imas, rom mas hqonda am binasTan sakmarisad mWidro da uwyveti kavSiri 1993 wels, privatizaciis xelSekrulebis xelmoweris momentisaTvis, iseve, rogorc Semdgom 1996 wlamde. saqmeSi ar figurirebs araviTari angariSi an qviTari, romelic daadasturebda, rom momCivani monawileobda uZravi qonebis SeZenaSi, sxvadasxva, e.w. `komunaluri" gadasaxadis gadaxdaSi (wyali, gazi, elqtroenergia da a.S.) an kidev binis movlis xarjebSi (Sdr. a contrario, zemoT miTiTebuli wyaro Prokopovitch, �37). aseTi dokumentebis saSualebiT SesaZlebeli iqneboda imis gansazRvra, Tu realurad ramden xans ekava es bina momCivans. amas garda, momCivans ar warmoudgenia araviTari sabuTi imis dasamtkiceblad, rom igi pirad korespondencias Rebulobda am binis misamarTze, arc mezoblebisa da axloblebis mowmoba, rom igi namdvilad cxovrobda iq 90-ian wlebSi. 82. amas garda, qveynis sasamarTlo organoebs ar gamoutaniaT daskvna, rom es ase iyo. piriqiT, vakis raionis pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom 1999 w. 24 marts daadgina, rom momCivani cxovrobda aRniSnul binaSi 1975-dan 1980 wlamde. ganmcxadeblis meore meuRlem, romelic am sasamarTlo organos winaSe wardga, daadastura, rom aRniSnuli piri cxovrobda mis binaSi (ix. zemoT �28). ganmcxadeblis disSvilma ganucxada sasamarTlos, rom momCivanma meored iqorwina 1982 wels da rom man sabolood datova sadavo bina 1986 wels (ix. zemoT �40). momCivans arc qveynis sasamarTlo organoebis, arc sasamarTlos winaSe ar ganucxadebia, rom is da misi meuRle cxovrobdnen sadavo binaSi mis dedasa da deidebTan erTad. mas ar uxsenebia arc gayra an ganSoreba. Sesabamisad, savaraudoa, rom 80-ian wlebSi meore qorwinebis Semdeg momCivani meuRlesTan erTad sxva binaSi cxovrobda. amasTanave, vakis raionis pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos Tanaxmad, Sesabamisi forma N 1 aCvenebs, rom momCivani da misi meuRle cxovrobdnen erTad am ukanasknelis binaSi. 83. sawinaaRmdegos dasamtkiceblad momCivans ar warmoudgenia araviTari sabuTi. mxolod is faqti, rom igi oficialurad kvlavac deidis binaSi iyo registrirebuli (ix.zemoT �13) ar aris sakmarisi imis dasamtkiceblad, rom mas am binasTan kavSiri ar gauwyvetia 1993 wlamde bevrad adre. 84. rac Seexeba qiraobis damadasturebel sabuTs, romelic momCivanma warmoadgina samarTliani dakmayofilebis moTxovnis gasamyareblad, sasamarTlo ar gamoricxavs, rom mas hqonda naqiravebi bina 1996 w. aprilidan 2004 w. dekembers Soris SualedSi ise, rom mepatrones ar ganucxadebia am Semosavalze sagadasaxado samsaxurSi (ix. zemoT �77). Tumca, sxva Sesabamisi sabuTis ararsebobis pirobebSi, sasamarTlos azriT, es ar amtkicebs, rom 1996 w. aprilamde anu Sesabamisi periodis ganmavlobaSi momCivani cxovrobda deidasTan da ar hqonda sxva sacxovrebeli (ix.zemoT �82). 85. yvela zemoaRniSnuli mosazrebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlos ar gaaCnia sakmaod mwyobri damamtkicebeli sabuTebi imis dasadgenad, rom privatizaciis xelSekrulebis xelmoweris momentSi da Semdgom momCivans sakmarisad mWidro da uwyveti kavSiri hqonda am binasTan imisaTvis, rom igi ganxilul iqnes, rogorc misi `sacxovrebeli" konvenciis me-8 muxlis mniSvnelobiT. 86. aqedan gamomdinare, gancxadebis es nawili aSkarad dausabuTebelia da uari unda eTqvas konvenciis 35-e muxlis me-3 da me-4 punqtebis Sesabamisad. III. konvenciis me-13, me-14 da me-17 muxlebis savaraudo darRveva 87. Sesabamisi argumentebis warmodgenis gareSe momCivani amtkicebs, rom qveynis sasamarTlo organoebma daarRvies konvenciis me-13, me-14 da me-17 muxlebiT garantirebulli misi uflebebi. 88. ganmcxadeblis ganmartebebis arqonis pirobebSi, sasamarTlom saqmeSi ver aRmoaCina veraferi, rac daadasturebda, rom gancxadebaSi wamoWrili problemebi Sedis aRniSnuli muxlebis sferoSi. aqedan gamomdinare, igi askvnis, rom ganmcxadeblis es pretenziebi aSkarad dausabuTebelia da uari unda eTqvas konvenciis 35-e muxlis me-3 da me-4 punqtebis Sesabamisad. zemoxsenebulidan gamomdinare sasamarTlo erTxmad: 1. acxadebs daSvebulad konvenciis me-6 muxlis safuZvelze wamoyenebul pretenziebs, saCivaris darCenil nawils ki � dauSveblad; 2. erTxmad adgens, rom adgili ar hqonia konvenciis me-6 muxlis darRvevas. Sesrulebulia frangul enaze, werilobiTi saxiT gamoqveynebulia 2007 w. 24 ivlisss sasamarTlos reglamentis 77-e muxlis me-2 da me-3 punqtebis Sesabamisad. f. tulkensi Tavmjdomare s. dole ganmwesrigiebli 19