76862/17;13696/21;16845/21;21985/21;24644/21;27943/21;32329/21;32909/21;37438/21;40793/21

FIRST SECTION CASE OF OROSZ AND OTHERS v. HUNGARY (Applications nos. 76862/17 and 9 others – see appended list)             JUDGMENT   STRASBOURG 14 April 2022         This judgment is final but it may be subject to editorial revision.   In the case of Orosz and Others v. Hungary, The European Court of Human Rights (First Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:  Alena Poláčková, President,  Raffaele Sabato,  Davor Derenčinović, judges, and Attila Teplán, Acting Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 24 March, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1.  The case originated in applications against Hungary lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on the various dates indicated in the appended table. 2.  The Hungarian Government (“the Government”) were given notice of the applications. THE FACTS 3.  The list of applicants and the relevant details of the applications are set out in the appended table. 4.  The applicants complained of the excessive length of their pre-trial detention. Some applicants also raised other complaints under the provisions of the Convention. THE LAW JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS 5.  Having regard to the similar subject matter of the applications, the Court finds it appropriate to examine them jointly in a single judgment. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 5 § 3 OF THE CONVENTION 6.  The applicants complained principally that their pre-trial detention had been unreasonably long. They relied on Article 5 § 3 of the Convention, which reads as follows: Article 5 § 3 “3.  Everyone arrested or detained in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 (c) of this Article shall be ... entitled to trial within a reasonable time or to release pending trial. Release may be conditioned by guarantees to appear for trial.” 7.  The Court observes that the general principles regarding the right to trial within a reasonable time or to release pending trial, as guaranteed by Article 5 § 3 of the Convention, have been stated in a number of its previous judgments (see, among many other authorities, Kudła v. Poland [GC], no. 30210/96, § 110, ECHR 2000‑XI, and McKay v. the United Kingdom [GC], no. 543/03, §§ 41-44, ECHR 2006‑X, with further references). 8.  In the leading cases of Gál v. Hungary, no. 62631/11, 11 March 2014 and Lakatos v. Hungary, no. 21786/15, 26 June 2018, the Court already found a violation in respect of issues similar to those in the present case. 9.  Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court has not found any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion on the admissibility and merits of these complaints. Having regard to its case-law on the subject, the Court considers that in the instant case the length of the applicants’ pre-trial detention was excessive. 10.  These complaints are therefore admissible and disclose a breach of Article 5 § 3 of the Convention. OTHER ALLEGED VIOLATIONS UNDER WELL-ESTABLISHED CASE-LAW 11.  Some applicants submitted further complaints under Article 5 § 4 of the Convention which also raised issues, given the relevant well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table). These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they also disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its findings in among many authorities, Bandur v. Hungary, no. 50130/12, §§ 79 to 85, 5 July 2016. 12.  In applications nos. 13696/21 and 21985/21, the applicants moreover submitted length complaints under Articles 6 § 1 and 13 of the Convention. These complaints are not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention, nor are they inadmissible on any other ground. Accordingly, they must be declared likewise admissible. Having examined all the material before it, the Court concludes that they disclose violations of the Convention in the light of its findings in among many authorities, Barta and Drajkó v. Hungary, no. 35729/12, 17 December 2013. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION 13.  Article 41 of the Convention provides: “If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.” 14.  Regard being had to the documents in its possession and to its case‑law, the Court considers it reasonable to award the sums indicated in the appended table. 15.  The Court considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points. FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY, Decides to join the applications; Declares the applications admissible; Holds that these applications disclose a breach of Article 5 § 3 of the Convention concerning the excessive length of pre-trial detention; Holds that there has been a violation of the Convention as regards the other complaints raised under well-established case-law of the Court (see appended table); Holds (a)  that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within three months, the amounts indicated in the appended table, to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (b)  that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points. Done in English, and notified in writing on 14 April 2022, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.    Attila Teplán Alena Poláčková  Acting Deputy Registrar President APPENDIX List of applications raising complaints under Article 5 § 3 of the Convention (excessive length of pre-trial detention) No. Application no. Date of introduction Applicant’s name Year of birth   Representative’s name and location Period of detention Length of detention House arrest Start and end date Other complaints under well-established case-law Amount awarded for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and costs and expenses per applicant (in euros)[1]     76862/17 24/10/2017 Lajos István OROSZ Karsai Dániel András Budapest 14/05/2015 to 21/12/2015 7 month(s) and 8 day(s)   21/12/2015-16/05/2017   1,300     13696/21 01/03/2021 Tamás MAROZSÁN Karsai Dániel András Budapest 02/05/2018 to 22/04/2021 2 year(s) and 11 month(s) and 21 day(s)     Art. 6 (1) - excessive length of criminal proceedings - Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of excessive length of criminal proceedings. 5,100     16845/21 16/03/2021 Zsolt PAP Kiss Dániel Bálint Budapest 26/06/2019 pending More than 2 year(s) and 8 month(s)     Art. 5 (4) - excessive length of judicial review of detention - The 6-month obligatory review was carried out with a delay of 3 months. The 1-year review was delayed 54 days, the related appeal took 2 months. The 1.5-year review was delayed 2 months. 4,700     21985/21 12/04/2021 Zsigmond FEHÉR Kiss Dániel Bálint Budapest 01/03/2018 to 30/08/2018   03/12/2018 to 13/04/2019   29/08/2019 to 17/07/2020   12/11/2020 to 22/11/2020   13/12/2020 to 24/11/2021 5 month(s) and 30 day(s)   4 month(s) and 11 day(s)   10 month(s) and 19 day(s)   11 day(s)     11 month(s) and 12 day(s)   Art. 5 (4) - excessive length of judicial review of detention - The applicant’s appeal against the decision maintaining the detention after the indictment was delayed 1.5 months. The appeal against the decision ordering the detention after the house arrest was delayed 2.5 months. Art. 6 (1) - excessive length of criminal proceedings - Criminal proceedings were instituted against the applicant on 01/03/2018 on suspicion of different violent felonies. No first instance decision has been adopted in his case. Art. 13 - lack of any effective remedy in domestic law in respect of excessive length of criminal proceedings. 4,900     24644/21 03/05/2021 Henriett UJJ Karsai Dániel András Budapest 08/08/2019 to 31/03/2021 1 year(s) and 7 month(s) and 24 day(s)       2,300     27943/21 26/05/2021 Attila TÓTH Kiss Dominika Szilvia Budapest 07/04/2019 to 22/05/2019   24/10/2019 to 22/04/2021 1 month(s) and 16 day(s)   1 year(s) and 5 month(s) and 30 day(s)     Art. 5 (4) - excessive length of judicial review of detention - The obligatory 6-month review was carried out with a delay of 15 days. The obligatory 1-year review was carried out with a delay of 44 days. 3,000     32329/21 16/06/2021 Norbert REITER-KOVÁCS Kiss Dominika Szilvia Budapest 12/03/2019 to 11/05/2020     13/07/2020 pending 1 year(s) and 2 month(s)     More than 1 year(s) and 7 month(s) and 2 day(s)       11/05/2020-13/07/2020 Art. 5 (4) - excessive length of judicial review of detention - One appeal of detention was examined in more than two months. 5,100     32909/21 15/06/2021 János KIS Kiss Dániel Bálint Budapest 11/04/2019 to 01/09/2021 2 year(s) and 4 month(s) and 22 day(s)     Art. 5 (4) - excessive length of judicial review of detention - The obligatory 6-month and 1-year reviews of the applicant’s detention took place with considerable delays (29 and 43 days). One of his appeals was also handled in more than 2,5 months. 4,200     37438/21 19/07/2021 Milan NECKAR Dana NECKAROVA Kiss Dániel Bálint Budapest 16/09/2019 to 13/07/2021 1 year(s) and 9 month(s) and 28 day(s)     Art. 5 (4) - excessive length of judicial review of detention - The obligatory 6-month review was carried out with a delay of 84 days. Two appeals lasted over 3 months. 3,400   40793/21 02/08/2021 András DOLFI Kiss Dániel Bálint Budapest 28/02/2019 to 31/08/2021 2 year(s) and 6 month(s) and 4 day(s)     3,500   [1] Plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants.