C-299/83

WyrokTSUE1985-07-11CELEX: 61983CJ0299ECLI:EU:C:1985:326

Analiza orzeczenia

Sekcja wygenerowana przez AI na podstawie treści orzeczenia — nie stanowi cytatu.

Zagadnienie prawne

Czy art. 3 lit. f) i art. 5 Traktatu EWG należy interpretować jako zakazujące ustanawiania w państwie członkowskim, ustawą lub rozporządzeniem, systemu, który zmusza sprzedawców detalicznych do sprzedaży książek po cenie ustalonej przez wydawcę lub importera, bez możliwości obniżenia tej ceny o więcej niż 5%, w odniesieniu do książek wydanych w tym państwie członkowskim oraz książek importowanych do tego państwa, w szczególności z innych państw członkowskich?

Ratio decidendi

Trybunał, odwołując się do swojego wcześniejszego wyroku w sprawie 229/83, stwierdził, że prawo wspólnotowe, w obecnym stanie, nie stoi na przeszkodzie krajowym przepisom ustalającym ceny detaliczne książek przez wydawcę lub importera, pod warunkiem że są one zgodne z innymi postanowieniami Traktatu, w szczególności dotyczącymi swobodnego przepływu towarów. Jednakże, przepisy krajowe, które (a) powierzają importerowi odpowiedzialnemu za złożenie egzemplarza książki władzom, czyli głównemu dystrybutorowi, ustalanie ceny detalicznej, oraz (b) wymagają stosowania ceny detalicznej ustalonej przez wydawcę do książek wydanych w danym państwie członkowskim i ponownie importowanych po wywozie do innego państwa członkowskiego (chyba że wykazano, iż wywóz nastąpił wyłącznie w celu ponownego importu w celu obejścia przepisów), stanowią środki o skutku równoważnym z ograniczeniami ilościowymi w imporcie, sprzeczne z art. 30 Traktatu EWG. Trybunał uznał, że te konkretne aspekty francuskiego prawa naruszają swobodny przepływ towarów, ponieważ mogą utrudniać import i reimport książek, wpływając na konkurencję i dostęp do rynku.

Stan faktyczny

Spór w postępowaniu głównym toczył się między Syndicatem des libraires de Loire-Océan a spółkami SA Saint-Herblain Distribution i SA Paris Distribution (działającymi pod nazwą „Centre Distributeur Leclerc”), oraz Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc. Syndicat domagał się nakazu zaprzestania sprzedaży książek po cenach niższych niż ustalone na mocy francuskiej ustawy nr 81-766 z 10 sierpnia 1981 r. Ustawa ta wymagała od wydawców lub importerów ustalania cen detalicznych książek, a sprzedawcy detaliczni musieli je sprzedawać w przedziale 95-100% tej ceny. Ustawa zawierała również szczególne postanowienia dotyczące książek importowanych, w tym tych wydanych we Francji i ponownie importowanych.

Rozstrzygnięcie

Trybunał (Trzecia Izba), odpowiadając na pytanie prejudycjalne zadane przez Tribunal de grande instance, Nantes, wyrokiem z dnia 22 listopada 1983 r., orzeka, co następuje: (1) W obecnym stanie prawa wspólnotowego, art. 5 akapit drugi Traktatu EWG, w związku z art. 3 lit. f) i art. 85, nie zakazuje państwom członkowskim uchwalania przepisów, na mocy których cena detaliczna książek musi być ustalona przez wydawcę lub importera i jest wiążąca dla wszystkich sprzedawców detalicznych, pod warunkiem że takie przepisy są zgodne z innymi szczególnymi postanowieniami Traktatu, w szczególności tymi dotyczącymi swobodnego przepływu towarów. (2) W kontekście takich przepisów krajowych, środkami o skutku równoważnym z ograniczeniami ilościowymi w imporcie, sprzecznymi z art. 30 Traktatu EWG, są: (a) przepisy, na mocy których importer odpowiedzialny za spełnienie wymogu ustawowego złożenia jednego egzemplarza każdej importowanej książki władzom, czyli główny dystrybutor, jest odpowiedzialny za ustalanie cen detalicznych; (b) przepisy wymagające stosowania ceny detalicznej ustalonej przez wydawcę do książek wydanych w danym państwie członkowskim i ponownie importowanych po wywozie do innego państwa członkowskiego, chyba że wykazano, iż książki te zostały wywiezione wyłącznie w celu ponownego importu w celu obejścia przedmiotowych przepisów.

Pełny tekst orzeczenia

Avis juridique important | 61983J0299 Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 11 July 1985. - SA Saint-Herblain distribution, Centre distributeur Leclerc and others v Syndicat des libraires de Loire - Océan. - Reference for a preliminary ruling: Tribunal de grande instance de Nantes - France. - Fixed prices for books. - Case 299/83. European Court reports 1985 Page 02515 Summary Parties Subject of the case Grounds Decision on costs Operative part Keywords . COMPETITION - COMMUNITY RULES - NATIONAL LEGISLATION ON THE PRICE OF BOOKS - COMPATIBILITY - CONDITIONS ( EEC TREATY , ART . 3 ( F ), ART . 5 , SECOND PARA . AND ART . 85 ) 2 . FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS - QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS - MEASURES EQUIVALENT IN EFFECT - LEGISLATION ON THE PRICE OF BOOKS - PROHIBITION - CONDITIONS ( EEC TREATY , ART . 30 ) Summary . AS COMMUNITY LAW STANDS , THE SECOND PARAGRAPH OF ARTICLE 5 OF THE TREATY , IN CONJUNCTION WITH ARTICLES 3 ( F ) AND 85 , DO NOT PRECLUDE MEMBER STATES FROM ENACTING LEGISLATION WHEREBY THE RETAIL PRICE OF BOOKS MUST BE FIXED BY THE PUBLISHER OR BY THE IMPORTER AND IS BINDING ON ALL RETAILERS , PROVIDED THAT SUCH LEGISLATION IS CONSONANT WITH THE OTHER SPECIFIC PROVISIONS OF THE TREATY , IN PARTICULAR THOSE RELATING TO THE FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS . . IN THE CONTEXT OF NATIONAL LEGISLATION ON THE PRICE OF BOOKS , THE FOLLOWING CONSTITUTE MEASURES EQUIVALENT IN EFFECT TO QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS ON IMPORTS , CONTRARY TO ARTICLE 30 OF THE TREATY : ( A ) PROVISIONS WHEREBY THE IMPORTER RESPONSIBLE FOR COMPLYING WITH THE STATUTORY REQUIREMENT TO DEPOSIT ONE COPY OF EACH IMPORTED BOOK WITH THE AUTHORITIES , THAT IS TO SAY THE PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTOR , IS RESPONSIBLE FOR FIXING THE RETAIL PRICE , AND ( B ) PROVISIONS REQUIRING THE RETAIL PRICE FIXED BY THE PUBLISHER TO BE APPLIED TO BOOKS PUBLISHED IN THE MEMBER STATE CONCERNED AND RE-IMPORTED FOLLOWING EXPORTATION TO ANOTHER MEMBER STATE , UNLESS IT IS ESTABLISHED THAT THOSE BOOKS WERE EXPORTED FOR THE SOLE PURPOSE OF RE-IMPORTATION IN ORDER TO CIRCUMVENT THE LEGISLATION IN QUESTION . Parties IN CASE 299/83 REFERENCE TO THE COURT UNDER ARTICLE 177 OF THE EEC TREATY BY THE TRIBUNAL DE GRANDE INSTANCE ( REGIONAL COURT ), NANTES , FOR A PRELIMINARY RULING IN THE CASE PENDING BEFORE THAT COURT BETWEEN SA SAINT HERBLAIN DISTRIBUTION , CENTRE DISTRIBUTEUR LECLERC , SAINT HERBLAIN , AND SA PARIS DISTRIBUTION , CENTRE DISTRIBUTEUR LECLERC , NANTES , AND ASSOCIATION DES CENTRES DISTRIBUTEURS EDOUARD LECLERC , PARIS , AND SYNDICAT DES LIBRAIRES DE LOIRE-OCEAN , ANGERS , Subject of the case ON THE INTERPRETATION OF ARTICLES 3 ( F ) AND 5 OF THE EEC TREATY , Grounds BY A JUDGMENT OF 22 NOVEMBER 1983 , WHICH WAS RECEIVED AT THE COURT ON 29 DECEMBER 1983 , THE TRIBUNAL DE GRANDE INSTANCE , NANTES , REFERRED A QUESTION TO THE COURT UNDER ARTICLE 177 OF THE EEC TREATY FOR A PRELIMINARY RULING ON THE INTERPRETATION OF VARIOUS RULES OF COMMUNITY LAW , IN PARTICULAR THE PROVISIONS RELATING TO FREE COMPETITION IN THE COMMON MARKET AND ARTICLES 3 ( F ) AND 5 OF THE EEC TREATY , SO AS TO ENABLE IT TO ASSESS THE COMPATIBILITY WITH COMMUNITY LAW OF NATIONAL LEGISLATION REQUIRING ALL RETAILERS TO ABIDE BY THE SELLING PRICES FOR BOOKS FIXED BY THE PUBLISHER OR IMPORTER . THE QUESTION WAS RAISED IN PROCEEDINGS BETWEEN , ON THE ONE HAND , SYNDICAT DES LIBRAIRES DE LOIRE-OCEAN AND , ON THE OTHER HAND , THE COMPANIES SAINT HERBLAIN DISTRIBUTION SA AND PARIS DISTRIBUTION SA , WHICH RUN SHOPS UNDER THE NAME ' CENTRE DISTRIBUTEUR LECLERC ' , AND ASSOCIATION DES CENTRES DISTRIBUTEURS EDOUARD LECLERC , WHICH HAS SHOPS UNDER THE SAME NAME WITH A REPUTATION FOR PURSUING A POLICY OF LOW PRICES . THE DISPUTE CONCERNS THE FAILURE BY THE CENTRES DISTRIBUTEURS LECLERC TO OBSERVE THE RETAIL PRICES FIXED PURSUANT TO LAW NO . 81-766 OF 10 AUGUST 1981 ( JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE FRANSSAISE OF 11 AUGUST 1981 ). UNDER THE LAW OF 10 AUGUST 1981 ALL PUBLISHERS OR IMPORTERS OF BOOKS ARE REQUIRED TO FIX RETAIL PRICES FOR THE BOOKS WHICH THEY PUBLISH OR IMPORT . RETAILERS MUST CHARGE AN EFFECTIVE PRICE FOR SALES TO THE PUBLIC OF BETWEEN 95% AND 100% OF THAT PRICE . THE LAW EXEMPTS CERTAIN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC ENTITIES , SUCH AS LIBRARIES AND EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS , FROM HAVING TO PAY THAT PRICE AND IT AUTHORIZES CLEARANCE SALES , SUBJECT TO CERTAIN CONDITIONS . IF THE PROVISIONS OF THE LAW ARE CONTRAVENED COMPETITORS AND VARIOUS TYPES OF ASSOCIATION MAY SEEK AN INJUNCTION OR CLAIM DAMAGES ; CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS MAY ALSO BE BROUGHT . AS FAR AS IMPORTED BOOKS ARE CONCERNED , THE LAST PARAGRAPH OF ARTICLE 1 OF THE LAW PROVIDES THAT ' WHERE IMPORTED BOOKS WERE PUBLISHED IN FRANCE THE RETAIL PRICE FIXED BY THE IMPORTER SHALL BE NO LESS THAN THAT FIXED BY THE PUBLISHER ' . DECREE NO . 81-1068 OF 3 DECEMBER 1981 ( JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE FRANCAISE OF 4 DECEMBER 1981 ), ISSUED PURSUANT TO THE LAW OF 10 AUGUST 1981 , FURTHER PROVIDES THAT THE PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTOR OF IMPORTED BOOKS WHO MUST COMPLY WITH THE REQUIREMENT LAID DOWN IN ARTICLE 8 OF THE LAW OF 21 JUNE 1943 - NAMELY THE REQUIREMENT THAT A COMPLETE COPY MUST BE DEPOSITED WITH THE MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR - IS DEEMED TO BE THE IMPORTER . THE SYNDICAT DES LIBRAIRES DE LOIRE-OCEAN APPLIED TO THE TRIBUNAL DE GRANDE INSTANCE , NANTES , FOR AN INJUNCTION AGAINST THE COMPANIES SAINT HERBLAIN DISTRIBUTION AND PARIS DISTRIBUTION - WHICH ISSUED A THIRD-PARTY NOTICE AGAINST ASSOCIATION DES CENTRES DISTRIBUTEURS EDOUARD LECLERC - TO RESTRAIN THE DEFENDANTS FROM CHARGING PRICES LOWER THAN THOSE FIXED PURSUANT TO THE ABOVE-MENTIONED LEGISLATION ; THE TRIBUNAL DE GRANDE INSTANCE THEREUPON REFERRED THE FOLLOWING QUESTION TO THE COURT FOR A PRELIMINARY RULING : ' MUST ARTICLES 3 ( F ) AND 5 OF THE EEC TREATY BE INTERPRETED AS PROHIBITING THE SETTING UP IN A MEMBER STATE , BY LAW OR BY REGULATION , IN RESPECT OF BOOKS PUBLISHED IN THAT MEMBER STATE AND BOOKS IMPORTED INTO THAT STATE , IN PARTICULAR FROM OTHER MEMBER STATES , OF A SYSTEM WHICH COMPELS RETAILERS TO SELL THE BOOKS AT THE PRICE FIXED BY THE PUBLISHER OR THE IMPORTER WITHOUT BEING ABLE TO REDUCE THAT PRICE BY MORE THAN 5%? ' 6 IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT A QUESTION FOR A PRELIMINARY RULING IN IDENTICAL TERMS WAS SUBMITTED BY THE COUR D ' APPEL , POITIERS , IN SIMILAR PROCEEDINGS AND WAS THE SUBJECT OF THE JUDGMENT OF THE COURT OF 10 JANUARY 1985 ( CASE 229/83 , ASSOCIATION DES CENTRES DISTRIBUTEURS LECLERC V AU BLE VERT SARL AND OTHERS ( 1985 ) ECR 17 ). WHEN IT WAS INFORMED OF THAT JUDGMENT THE TRIBUNAL DE GRANDE INSTANCE , NANTES , NOTIFIED THE COURT THAT IT DID NOT WISH TO WITHDRAW THE REQUEST FOR A PRELIMINARY RULING . CONSIDERATION OF THE PRESENT CASE HAS REVEALED NOTHING THAT WAS NOT ALREADY KNOWN TO THE COURT IN CASE 229/83 . IN THOSE CIRCUMSTANCES IT IS SUFFICIENT TO REFER TO THE GROUNDS OF THE JUDGMENT OF 10 JANUARY 1985 , A COPY OF WHICH SHALL BE ANNEXED TO THE PRESENT JUDGMENT . THE QUESTIONS SUBMITTED BY THE TRIBUNAL DE GRANDE INSTANCE , NANTES , MUST BE ANSWERED IN THE SAME TERMS AS IN THE JUDGMENT OF 10 JANUARY 1985 : AS COMMUNITY LAW STANDS , THE SECOND PARAGRAPH OF ARTICLE 5 OF THE EEC TREATY , IN CONJUNCTION WITH ARTICLES 3 ( F ) AND 85 , DOES NOT PROHIBIT MEMBER STATES FROM ENACTING LEGISLATION WHEREBY THE RETAIL PRICE OF BOOKS MUST BE FIXED BY THE PUBLISHER OR BY THE IMPORTER AND IS BINDING ON ALL RETAILERS , PROVIDED THAT SUCH LEGISLATION IS CONSONANT WITH THE OTHER SPECIFIC PROVISIONS OF THE TREATY , IN PARTICULAR THOSE RELATING TO THE FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS . IN THE CONTEXT OF SUCH NATIONAL LEGISLATION , THE FOLLOWING CONSTITUTE MEASURES EQUIVALENT IN EFFECT TO QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS ON IMPORTS , CONTRARY TO ARTICLE 30 OF THE EEC TREATY : ( A ) PROVISIONS WHEREBY THE IMPORTER RESPONSIBLE FOR COMPLYING WITH THE STATUTORY REQUIREMENT TO DEPOSIT ONE COPY OF EACH IMPORTED BOOK WITH THE AUTHORITIES , THAT IS TO SAY THE PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTOR , IS RESPONSIBLE FOR FIXING THE RETAIL PRICES ; ( B)PROVISIONS REQUIRING THE RETAIL PRICE FIXED BY THE PUBLISHER TO BE APPLIED TO BOOKS PUBLISHED IN THE MEMBER STATE CONCERNED AND RE-IMPORTED FOLLOWING EXPORTATION TO ANOTHER MEMBER STATE , UNLESS IT IS ESTABLISHED THAT THOSE BOOKS WERE EXPORTED FOR THE SOLE PURPOSE OF RE-IMPORTATION IN ORDER TO CIRCUMVENT THE LEGISLATION IN QUESTION . Decision on costs COSTS 10 THE COSTS INCURRED BY THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT AND THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES , WHICH HAVE SUBMITTED OBSERVATIONS TO THE COURT , ARE NOT RECOVERABLE . AS THESE PROCEEDINGS ARE , IN SO FAR AS THE PARTIES TO THE MAIN PROCEEDINGS ARE CONCERNED , IN THE NATURE OF A STEP IN THE ACTION PENDING BEFORE THE NATIONAL COURT , THE DECISION ON COSTS IS A MATTER FOR THAT COURT . Operative part ON THOSE GROUNDS , THE COURT ( THIRD CHAMBER ), IN ANSWER TO THE QUESTION REFERRED TO IT BY THE TRIBUNAL DE GRANDE INSTANCE , NANTES , BY JUDGMENT OF 22 NOVEMBER 1983 , HEREBY RULES : ( 1 ) AS COMMUNITY LAW STANDS , THE SECOND PARAGRAPH OF ARTICLE 5 OF THE EEC TREATY , IN CONJUNCTION WITH ARTICLES 3 ( F ) AND 85 , DOES NOT PROHIBIT MEMBER STATES FROM ENACTING LEGISLATION WHEREBY THE RETAIL PRICE OF BOOKS MUST BE FIXED BY THE PUBLISHER OR BY THE IMPORTER AND IS BINDING ON ALL RETAILERS , PROVIDED THAT SUCH LEGISLATION IS CONSONANT WITH THE OTHER SPECIFIC PROVISIONS OF THE TREATY , IN PARTICULAR THOSE RELATING TO THE FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS . ( 2)IN THE CONTEXT OF SUCH NATIONAL LEGISLATION , THE FOLLOWING CONSTITUTE MEASURES EQUIVALENT IN EFFECT TO QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS ON IMPORTS , CONTRARY TO ARTICLE 30 OF THE EEC TREATY : ( A ) PROVISIONS WHEREBY THE IMPORTER RESPONSIBLE FOR COMPLYING WITH THE STATUTORY REQUIREMENT TO DEPOSIT ONE COPY OF EACH IMPORTED BOOK WITH THE AUTHORITIES , THAT IS TO SAY THE PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTOR , IS RESPONSIBLE FOR FIXING THE RETAIL PRICES ; ( B)PROVISIONS REQUIRING THE RETAIL PRICE FIXED BY THE PUBLISHER TO BE APPLIED TO BOOKS PUBLISHED IN THE MEMBER STATE CONCERNED AND RE-IMPORTED FOLLOWING EXPORTATION TO ANOTHER MEMBER STATE , UNLESS IT IS ESTABLISHED THAT THOSE BOOKS WERE EXPORTED FOR THE SOLE PURPOSE OF RE-IMPORTATION IN ORDER TO CIRCUMVENT THE LEGISLATION IN QUESTION .